威威老師的文法特快車：分詞構句 (Participle Constructions)
課程導航
哈囉各位同學！我是威威老師。
來，比較這兩種寫法：
A: “Because I was tired, I went to bed early.” B: “Being tired, I went to bed early.”
兩句意思完全一樣——但 B 的字數少了 40%！這就是英文寫作的「瘦身術」——分詞構句 (Participle Constructions)。
把一個完整的副詞子句濃縮成一個分詞片語——就像把一碗牛肉麵壓縮成一顆牛肉丸：味道一樣，體積小很多。
學測寫作高分、GRE 閱讀理解、TOEFL 寫作——分詞構句到處都是！學會它，你的英文立刻從國中跳到大學等級。
但小心：分詞構句有個致命陷阱——「垂懸分詞」。如果分詞主詞不對，整句意思就崩塌！
繫好安全帶 🚂
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 複習 21 倒裝句
- Never ____ such a beautiful sunset before.（I have seen / have I seen）
- Not only ____ the test, but he also got the highest score.（he passed / did he pass）
- ____ comes the bus! Hurry up!（Here / There）
解答
- have I seen — Never 倒裝。
- did he pass — Not only 倒裝。
- Here — Here comes + 名詞（倒裝）。
一、分詞構句 = 副詞子句的「瘦身術」
1-1 核心觀念
分詞構句 (Participle Construction) = 把副詞子句簡化成分詞片語。
| 原句（副詞子句） | 分詞構句 | 變化 |
|---|---|---|
| Because I was tired, I went to bed early. | Being tired, I went to bed early. | 省 Because I was → 改 Being |
| When I was walking to school, I saw a cat. | Walking to school, I saw a cat. | 省 When I was → 改 Walking |
| Because it was written in English, the book is easy. | Written in English, the book is easy. | 省 Because it was → 留 Written |
1-2 分詞構句的好處
| 好處 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| 閱讀理解 | GRE/分科到處都是分詞構句 |
| 寫作精煉 | 避免一堆 Because/When/Although |
| 考試必考 | 學測、分科 + 翻譯題 |
💡 威威白話：「副詞子句的減肥版」——意思一樣，字數變短，看起來更專業！
二、V-ing 分詞構句（主動）— 主詞主動做
2-1 黃金規則
當主要子句的主詞主動做動作時 → 用 V-ing！
2-2 五大功能
| 功能 | 對應連接詞 | 例句 | 還原 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 時間 | when/while/after | Walking to school, I met a friend. | When I was walking… |
| 原因 | because/since/as | Being sick, she stayed home. | Because she was sick… |
| 條件 | if | Turning left, you’ll find it. | If you turn left… |
| 讓步 | although | Knowing the risks, he went ahead. | Although he knew… |
| 附帶狀態 | and（同時） | He sat there, reading a book. | He sat there and was reading… |
2-3 否定形式：Not + V-ing
🚨 Not 放在 V-ing 前面！
| 例句 | 還原 |
|---|---|
| Not knowing what to do, she asked for help. | Because she didn’t know… |
| Not having finished her work, she stayed late. | Because she had not finished… |
🎯 V-ing 分詞構句即時練習（5 題）
1. Convert: “Because I was tired, I went to bed early.” → V-ing 分詞構句
2. Choose: ______ what to do, she asked for help. (A) Knowing not (B) Not knowing (C) No knowing (D) Don’t knowing
3. Choose: When ______ in the park, I met an old friend. (A) walk (B) walked (C) walking (D) to walk
4. Convert: “Although she knew the answer, she said nothing.” → V-ing 分詞構句
5. Translate: 「她坐在窗邊讀書。」(Use V-ing 表附帶狀態)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：Being tired, I went to bed early.
第 2 題：(B) Not knowing
Not 放 V-ing 前。
第 3 題：(C) walking
When + V-ing（連接詞 + 分詞構句）。
第 4 題：Knowing the answer, she said nothing.
第 5 題：She sat by the window, reading.
三、V-pp 分詞構句（被動）— 主詞被做
3-1 黃金規則
當主要子句的主詞被做動作時 → 用 V-pp（過去分詞）！
3-2 黃金例句
| 完整副詞子句 | 分詞構句 |
|---|---|
| Because it was written in simple English, the book is easy. | Written in simple English, the book is easy. |
| When it was seen from the hill, the city looked beautiful. | Seen from the hill, the city looked beautiful. |
| Because he was exhausted from work, he fell asleep. | Exhausted from work, he fell asleep. |
| Because she was born in 1990, she’s 36 now. | Born in 1990, she’s 36 now. |
3-3 判斷神技
🎯 威威判斷法：問自己「主詞是主動還是被動？」
- 主動 → V-ing（Walking to school, I…）
- 被動 → V-pp（Written in English, the book…）
3-4 已形容詞化的過去分詞
這些 V-pp 已經接近「形容詞」了：
- tired（疲倦的）
- surprised（驚訝的）
- excited（興奮的）
- exhausted（筋疲力盡的）
- interested（感興趣的）
- bored（無聊的）
🎯 V-pp 分詞構句即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: ______ in 1889, the Eiffel Tower attracts millions of visitors. (A) Building (B) Built (C) Having built (D) To build
2. Choose: ______ from the long walk, he sat down to rest. (A) Tiring (B) Tired (C) Having tired (D) To tire
3. Convert: “Because the book was written in English, it’s easy to read.” → V-pp 分詞構句
4. Choose: ______ from the hill, the city looked beautiful. (A) Seeing (B) Seen (C) Having seen (D) To see
5. Translate: 「她在小村莊出生，夢想著城市生活。」(Use Born + V-pp)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) Built
鐵塔被建造 → V-pp。
第 2 題：(B) Tired
「被疲倦」（受影響）→ V-pp。
第 3 題：Written in English, the book is easy to read.
第 4 題：(B) Seen
城市被看（從山上往下看城市）→ V-pp。
第 5 題：Born in a small village, she dreamed of city life.
四、Having + V-pp — 完成分詞構句
4-1 黃金規則
當分詞構句的動作比主要子句更早發生時 → 用 Having + V-pp！
4-2 例句
| 原句 | 完成分詞構句 |
|---|---|
| After he had finished his homework, he went out. | Having finished his homework, he went out. |
| Because she had studied abroad, she speaks fluent English. | Having studied abroad, she speaks fluent English. |
| Because he had failed twice, he was determined. | Having failed twice, he was determined. |
4-3 被動完成：Having been + V-pp
| 例句 | 還原 |
|---|---|
| Having been told the truth, she was angry. | Because she had been told… |
| Having been invited to the party, she prepared a gift. | Because she had been invited… |
💡 在某些情況下 Having been 可省略 been： “Having been told the truth” → “Told the truth”
🎯 Having + V-pp 即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: ______ his homework, he went out to play. (A) Having finished (B) Having finishing (C) Finishing (D) To finish
2. Choose: ______ twice, he didn’t want to try again. (A) Having failed (B) Having been failed (C) Failed (D) To fail
3. Choose: ______ the truth, she was very angry. (A) Having told (B) Having been told (C) Telling (D) To tell
4. Convert: “After they had been warned about the danger, they proceeded carefully.” → Having been + V-pp
5. Translate: 「她在日本住了三年，所以對日本文化很熟悉。」(Use Having lived)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(A) Having finished
「做完功課」（更早）→ Having + V-pp。
第 2 題：(A) Having failed
主動失敗 → Having failed（不用 been）。
第 3 題：(B) Having been told
被告知（被動）+ 更早發生 → Having been + V-pp。
第 4 題：Having been warned about the danger, they proceeded carefully.
第 5 題：Having lived in Japan for three years, she knows the culture well.
五、連接詞 + 分詞 — 保留連接詞
有時候，保留連接詞讓邏輯關係更清晰，只把子句簡化成分詞。
5-1 結構
連接詞 + V-ing / V-pp（主詞省略）
5-2 常見連接詞
| 連接詞 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| when | When walking in the park, I met an old friend. |
| while | While waiting, I read a book. |
| before | Before leaving, please turn off the lights. |
| after | After finishing dinner, we went for a walk. |
| since | Since moving to Taipei, I’ve been happier. |
| if | If taken correctly, the medicine works. |
| unless | Unless invited, don’t attend. |
| though/although | Though tired, she kept working. |
| once | Once completed, the project will be amazing. |
🎯 連接詞 + 分詞即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: When ______ in the park, I met an old friend. (A) walk (B) walked (C) walking (D) to walk
2. Choose: If ______ correctly, the medicine will work. (A) taking (B) taken (C) took (D) having taken
3. Choose: Though ______, he kept running. (A) exhausting (B) exhausted (C) exhaust (D) to exhaust
4. Choose: Before ______ the house, please take off your shoes. (A) enter (B) entering (C) entered (D) to enter
5. Translate: 「在離開前請關燈。」(Use Before + V-ing)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) walking
When + 主動 → V-ing。
第 2 題：(B) taken
If + 被動（藥被服用）→ V-pp。
第 3 題：(B) exhausted
Though + 被動／形容詞化 V-pp。
第 4 題：(B) entering
Before + 主動 → V-ing。
第 5 題：Before leaving, please turn off the lights.
六、獨立分詞構句 — 有自己主詞的分詞構句
6-1 核心觀念
一般分詞構句的邏輯主詞 = 主要子句主詞。獨立分詞構句的邏輯主詞有自己的名詞，跟主要子句不同！
6-2 結構
[名詞 + 分詞 / 形容詞 / 介系詞片語], 主要子句。
6-3 例句
| 獨立分詞構句 | 還原 |
|---|---|
| The weather being fine, we went on a picnic. | Because the weather was fine… |
| All things considered, the plan is good. | If all things are considered… |
| The meeting over, everyone went home. | When the meeting was over… |
| His arms folded, he stood by the door. | With his arms folded… |
| The sun having set, we headed home. | After the sun had set… |
🎯 獨立分詞構句即時練習（5 題）
1. Choose: The weather ______ fine, we went on a picnic. (A) is (B) was (C) being (D) been
2. Choose: All things ______, the project is a success. (A) consider (B) considering (C) considered (D) to consider
3. Translate: 「太陽下山後，我們回家了。」(Use The sun having set)
4. Choose: ______ arms folded, he stood silently. (A) Has (B) Having (C) His (D) With his
5. Translate: 「會議結束後，大家都回家了。」(Use The meeting over)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(C) being
獨立分詞構句：The weather + being（不同主詞）。
第 2 題：(C) considered
「事情被考慮」→ V-pp（被動）。
第 3 題：The sun having set, we headed home.
第 4 題：(C) His 或 (D) With his
His arms folded（獨立主格）/ With his arms folded（with 結構）都可。
第 5 題：The meeting over, everyone went home.
七、垂懸分詞 — 致命陷阱！
7-1 什麼是垂懸分詞？
分詞構句的邏輯主詞必須等於主要子句的主詞！如果不等於 → 垂懸分詞錯誤！
7-2 經典錯誤
| 錯誤 ❌ | 為什麼錯？ | 正確 ✓ |
|---|---|---|
| Walking down the street, the trees were beautiful. | trees 不會走路！ | Walking down the street, I saw beautiful trees. |
| Looking out the window, a bird flew by. | bird 不會往窗外看！ | Looking out the window, I saw a bird fly by. |
| Reading the book, the story was exciting. | story 不會讀書！ | Reading the book, I found the story exciting. |
| Driving to work, the radio broke down. | radio 不會開車！ | Driving to work, I noticed the radio break down. |
7-3 修正方法
Step 1：分詞構句的動作是誰做的？（邏輯主詞）
Step 2：這個邏輯主詞 = 主句主詞嗎？
├── 是 → 正確
└── 不是 → 垂懸分詞 → 修改！
🎯 垂懸分詞即時練習（5 題）
1. Walking down the street, ______ (A) the trees were beautiful (B) I saw beautiful trees (C) beautiful trees were seen (D) there were beautiful trees
2. Find the dangling participle: “Reading the novel, the story was thrilling.”
3. Fix: “Looking out the window, a bird flew by.”
4. Choose all correct sentences: (A) Driving home, the rain started. (B) Driving home, I got caught in the rain. (C) Tired from work, the bed felt comfortable. (D) Tired from work, I went straight to bed.
5. Translate: 「在花園散步時，我看到一隻美麗的蝴蝶。」(Use Walking + 正確主詞)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題：(B) I saw beautiful trees
Walking 的邏輯主詞必須是「人」→ I。
第 2 題：垂懸分詞
story 不會 read → 應改：Reading the novel, I found the story thrilling.
第 3 題：Looking out the window, I saw a bird fly by.
改主詞為 I（會看的）。
第 4 題：(B) 和 (D)
(A)(C) 是垂懸分詞——rain 不會 driving，bed 不會 tired。
第 5 題：Walking in the garden, I saw a beautiful butterfly.
八、考試陷阱大整理
學測/GRE 分詞構句考題的 5 大陷阱
陷阱 1：V-ing vs. V-pp（主動 vs. 被動）
主詞主動 → V-ing；主詞被做 → V-pp。
陷阱 2：Having + V-pp（更早發生）
兩個動作有先後 → 早的用 Having + V-pp。
陷阱 3：垂懸分詞！
分詞主詞必須 = 主句主詞！
陷阱 4：否定 Not 放 V-ing 前
Not knowing（不是 Knowing not）。
陷阱 5：連接詞 + 分詞
When/While/If/Though + V-ing/V-pp，主詞省略。
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
🟢 基礎題 (1-10)
1. ______ tired, I went to bed early. (A) Being (B) Been (C) To be (D) Having
2. ______ in simple English, the book is easy to read. (A) Writing (B) Written (C) Having written (D) To write
3. ______ his homework, he went out to play. (A) Having finished (B) Having finishing (C) Finishing (D) To finish
4. ______ what to do, she asked her teacher for advice. (A) Not knowing (B) Knowing not (C) Not known (D) Not to know
5. When ______ in the park, I met an old friend. (A) walk (B) walked (C) walking (D) to walk
6. ______ from the hill, the city looked beautiful. (A) Seeing (B) Seen (C) Having seen (D) To see
7. ______ down the street, I saw a beautiful flower shop. (A) Walking (B) Walked (C) Having walked (D) To walk
8. If ______ correctly, the medicine will cure the disease. (A) taking (B) taken (C) took (D) having taken
9. ______ twice, he didn’t want to try again. (A) Having failed (B) Having been failed (C) Failed (D) To fail
10. She sat by the window, ______ a book. (A) read (B) reading (C) to read (D) reads
🟡 進階題 (11-20)
11. ______ the truth, she was very angry. (A) Having told (B) Having been told (C) Telling (D) To tell
12. Though ______, he kept running. (A) exhausting (B) exhausted (C) exhaust (D) to exhaust
13. ______ in 1889, the Eiffel Tower attracts millions of visitors. (A) Building (B) Built (C) Having built (D) To build
14. Before ______ the house, please take off your shoes. (A) enter (B) entering (C) entered (D) to enter
15. ______ in a small village, she dreamed of living in a big city. (A) Bearing (B) Born (C) Being born (D) Having borne
16. The weather ______ fine, we went on a picnic. (A) is (B) was (C) being (D) been
17. ______ to the party, she prepared a beautiful gift. (A) Having invited (B) Having been invited (C) Inviting (D) To invite
18. Walking down the street, ______. (A) the trees were beautiful (B) I saw beautiful trees (C) beautiful trees were seen (D) there were beautiful trees
19. ______ abroad for three years, she speaks fluent Japanese. (A) Having studied (B) Having been studied (C) Studied (D) To study
20. After ______ dinner, we went for a walk. (A) finish (B) finishing (C) finished (D) to finish
🔴 挑戰題 (21-30)
21. ______ the bell, the students rushed out of the classroom. (A) Hearing (B) Heard (C) Having heard (D) A and C are both correct
22. All things ______, the project is a success. (A) consider (B) considering (C) considered (D) to consider
23. ______ in the queue for two hours, she finally got the tickets. (A) Waiting (B) Having waited (C) Waited (D) To wait
24. The teacher entered the classroom, ______ by the students. (A) following (B) followed (C) having followed (D) to follow
25. Convert to participle constructions: (a) “Because I was tired, I went to bed.” (b) “Although she knew the truth, she said nothing.” (c) “After he had finished the project, he relaxed.”
26. Find dangling participles and fix them: (a) “Walking to school, the rain started.” (b) “Reading the book, the story was confusing.” (c) “Driving home, the car broke down.”
27. Translate three sentences: (a) 「不知道該說什麼，她保持沉默。」(Use Not knowing) (b) 「天氣很好，我們決定出去野餐。」(Use 獨立分詞構句) (c) 「被警告過危險之後，他們很小心。」(Use Having been warned)
28. Choose all correct: (A) Built in 1990, the bridge is still strong. (B) Building in 1990, the bridge is still strong. (C) Having been built in 1990, the bridge is still strong. (D) To build in 1990, the bridge is still strong.
29. Convert to subordinate clauses: (a) “Walking to school, I saw an accident.” (b) “Born in 1990, she’s 36.” (c) “Having finished her work, she left the office.”
30. Terminal challenge—rewrite using participle constructions where possible: “Because she was tired, she went to bed early. While she was sleeping, her phone rang. After she had checked the message, she realized it was urgent. Although she was exhausted, she had to respond. Because she didn’t know what to say, she called her friend. After her friend had explained the situation, she felt better.”
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
🟢 基礎題 解答
第 1 題：(A) Being — 主動 → V-ing。
第 2 題：(B) Written — 書被寫 → V-pp。
第 3 題：(A) Having finished — 更早發生 → Having + V-pp。
第 4 題：(A) Not knowing — Not + V-ing。
第 5 題：(C) walking — When + V-ing（主動）。
第 6 題：(B) Seen — 城市被看 → V-pp。
第 7 題：(A) Walking — 主動走路 → V-ing。
第 8 題：(B) taken — 藥被吃（被動）→ V-pp。
第 9 題：(A) Having failed — 主動失敗 + 更早 → Having + V-pp。
第 10 題：(B) reading — 附帶狀態 → V-ing。
🟡 進階題 解答
第 11 題：(B) Having been told
被動 + 更早 → Having been + V-pp。
第 12 題：(B) exhausted
Though + 形容詞化 V-pp。
第 13 題：(B) Built
鐵塔被建造 → V-pp。
第 14 題：(B) entering
Before + V-ing（主動進入）。
第 15 題：(B) Born
被生（被動）→ V-pp。
第 16 題：(C) being
獨立分詞構句：weather + being。
第 17 題：(B) Having been invited
被邀請 + 更早 → Having been + V-pp。
第 18 題：(B) I saw beautiful trees
避免垂懸分詞——主詞是「我」（會走路）。
第 19 題：(A) Having studied
主動學習 + 更早 → Having + V-pp。
第 20 題：(B) finishing
After + V-ing。
🔴 挑戰題 解答
第 21 題：(D) A 和 C 都對
Hearing the bell（同時）/ Having heard the bell（先聽到）都對。
第 22 題：(C) considered
All things considered（被考慮）→ V-pp。
第 23 題：(B) Having waited
主動等了 + 更早 → Having + V-pp。
第 24 題：(B) followed
老師被學生跟隨（被動）→ V-pp。
第 25 題：分詞構句
(a) Being tired, I went to bed. (b) Knowing the truth, she said nothing. (c) Having finished the project, he relaxed.
第 26 題：垂懸分詞修正
(a) ❌ 雨不會走路 → ✅ Walking to school, I got caught in the rain. (b) ❌ 故事不會讀書 → ✅ Reading the book, I found the story confusing. (c) ❌ 車不會開車 → ✅ Driving home, I had the car break down on me.
第 27 題：翻譯
(a) Not knowing what to say, she kept silent. (b) The weather being fine, we decided to go on a picnic. (c) Having been warned about the danger, they were careful.
第 28 題：(A)(C) 正確
(A) ✓ Built（被動） (B) ✗ Building 是主動（橋不會自己建造） (C) ✓ Having been built（被動完成） (D) ✗ To build 是不定詞（表目的）
第 29 題：還原成子句
(a) When I was walking to school, I saw an accident. (b) Because she was born in 1990, she’s 36. (c) After she had finished her work, she left the office.
第 30 題：完整改寫
✅ 改寫版（用分詞構句）： “Being tired, she went to bed early. While sleeping, her phone rang. Having checked the message, she realized it was urgent. Though exhausted, she had to respond. Not knowing what to say, she called her friend. Her friend having explained the situation, she felt better.”
改寫了 6 處副詞子句為分詞構句：
- Because she was tired → Being tired（V-ing 主動原因）
- While she was sleeping → While sleeping（連接詞 + V-ing）
- After she had checked → Having checked（完成式 V-pp）
- Although she was exhausted → Though exhausted（連接詞 + V-pp）
- Because she didn’t know → Not knowing（否定 V-ing）
- After her friend had explained → Her friend having explained（獨立主格——主詞不同：朋友解釋，但她感覺好；用名詞 + Having + V-pp 結構）
課前快問 解答
詳見前面解答區。
自我評分
| 分數（30 題） | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 🏆 威威等級 | 分詞構句精通！進入 23 名詞子句。 |
| 22-26 | 🥈 穩健等級 | 重點複習：V-ing vs. V-pp、Having + V-pp、垂懸分詞。 |
| 16-21 | 🥉 加油等級 | 把「五大功能表」+ 「主動/被動判斷」背熟。 |
| 0-15 | 💪 再出發 | 從基礎：「副詞子句 → 分詞構句」轉換練習開始。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 第 3 天 默寫五大功能 + 練習 V-ing/V-pp 判斷 第 7 天 找 5 個副詞子句改寫成分詞構句 第 14 天 找 1 段 GRE 閱讀，圈所有分詞構句 考試前 重看「5 大陷阱」+ 垂懸分詞判斷法
學習科學小知識：生成效應 (Generation Effect)
自己「產出」知識比「閱讀」知識記得更牢——這叫生成效應。
應用：與其反覆讀分詞構句的規則，不如自己改寫！每一題都動手把副詞子句改成分詞構句——你的記憶會比純閱讀好 50% 以上。
練習方法：找 5 個你寫過的英文句子（用 because, when, although 開頭的），全部改寫成分詞構句——做完你會驚訝自己的進步！
上一篇： 21 倒裝句 下一篇： 23 名詞子句 相關主題： 09 名詞片語 | 14 使役動詞與分詞 | 15 感官動詞