威威老師的文法特快車:名詞與冠詞 (Nouns & Articles)
課程導航
哈囉各位同學!我是威威老師。
來,回答兩個問題:
「我給你一個建議」翻成英文是 “Let me give you ____ advice.”——空格填什麼? 「我吃早餐」翻成英文是 “I eat ____ breakfast.”——要填 the 還是不填?
如果你寫了 “an advice” 或 “the breakfast”——歡迎來到台灣學生的冠詞地獄。
中文沒有冠詞。我們說「給你建議」「吃早餐」就完事了。但英文有兩件事跟中文完全不同:
- 名詞分可數和不可數——不可數名詞不能加 a/an,也不能加 s。
- 冠詞的存在——a/an/the 三選一,或不加(零冠詞)。
學會這兩件事,你的英文會立刻**「看起來像母語者」**——不誇張,這就是中文母語者英文的「第一道分水嶺」。
繫好安全帶 🚂
課前快問 (Pre-Quiz) — 複習 07 主詞動詞一致
- Everyone in the class ____ (has / have) finished the homework.
- Neither the teacher nor the students ____ (was / were) in the classroom.
- The news ____ (is / are) very surprising today.
解答
- has — everyone 永遠單數。
- were — neither/nor 就近原則 → 跟 students(複數)。
- is — news 不可數,單數。
一、名詞兩大陣營:可數 vs. 不可數
英文名詞的第一條規則:判斷可不可以「個別計算」。
| 可數名詞 (Countable) | 不可數名詞 (Uncountable) | |
|---|---|---|
| 能不能數 | 可以一個一個算 | 無法個別計算 |
| 問法 | How many? | How much? |
| 單數 | a book, an apple, a chair | ❌ 不能用 a/an |
| 複數 | books, apples, chairs | ❌ 沒有複數形 |
| 例子 | student, car, dog, idea | water, money, information, advice |
1-1 ⚠️ 必背的不可數名詞陷阱
很多看起來「明明可以數」的字,其實不可數!這是學測必考!
| 類別 | 不可數名詞 | 常見錯誤 |
|---|---|---|
| 抽象概念 | information, advice, knowledge, news, evidence, research | ❌ an advice → ✅ a piece of advice |
| 集合概念 | furniture, luggage, baggage, equipment, machinery | ❌ a furniture → ✅ a piece of furniture |
| 液體/氣體 | water, milk, air, oil, rain, juice | ❌ a water → ✅ a glass of water |
| 物質 | gold, paper, wood, rice, sugar, bread | ❌ a rice → ✅ a bowl of rice |
| 食物(一般概念) | meat, fish, cheese, butter, salt | ❌ a meat → ✅ some meat |
| 學科 | mathematics, physics, economics | (雖有 s 但單數) |
🚨 必背 5 大不可數陷阱:advice, information, furniture, equipment, luggage——學測愛考榜上有名!
1-2 不可數名詞怎麼計算?
用「容器 / 單位 / 一份」幫它們「裝」起來:
| 不可數 | 計算方式 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| advice | a piece of advice | He gave me a piece of advice. |
| information | a piece / bit of information | I need a bit of information. |
| furniture | a piece of furniture | This room has 5 pieces of furniture. |
| water | a glass / bottle of water | Please get me a glass of water. |
| coffee | a cup of coffee | I’d like two cups of coffee. |
| bread | a slice / loaf of bread | She ate two slices of bread. |
| paper | a sheet / piece of paper | Give me a sheet of paper. |
| money | a sum / amount of money | He spent a large sum of money. |
💡 威威白話:英文人怕「無法計算」的東西沒辦法量,所以發明各種「容器」(cup, glass, piece, bowl, slice)來幫它們算。
🎯 可數/不可數即時練習(5 題)
1. Choose: I need some ______ about the train schedule. (A) informations (B) information (C) an information (D) the informations
2. Choose: She gave me ______ on how to study English. (A) an advice (B) a piece of advice (C) advices (D) the advice
3. Choose: How ______ furniture do you have in your room? (A) many (B) much (C) few (D) a few
4. 改錯:He bought three new luggages for his trip.
5. Translate: 「我想要兩杯咖啡和一片麵包。」(Use cup, slice)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題:(B) information
✅ I need some information. 解析:information 永遠不可數——不能加 s,不能加 a/an!
第 2 題:(B) a piece of advice
✅ She gave me a piece of advice. 解析:advice 不可數,要用 “a piece of” 來計算。 💎 ❌ “an advice” / “advices” 都是錯的!
第 3 題:(B) much
✅ How much furniture…? 解析:furniture 是不可數名詞 → 用 much(不是 many)。
第 4 題:luggages → luggage
✅ 修正:He bought three new pieces of luggage for his trip.(或簡化:He bought new luggage.) 解析:luggage 不可數,沒有 luggages 這個字!
第 5 題:I would like two cups of coffee and a slice of bread.
✅ 解析:coffee 不可數 → cups of coffee;bread 不可數 → slice of bread。 💎 注意:cups(杯子是可數,所以可以加 s),但裡面裝的 coffee 不可數。
二、a vs. an — 看「發音」不是「字母」!
2-1 黃金規則
🚨 a / an 的選擇基於「發音」,不是「拼字」!
| 規則 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| 子音「音」開頭 → a | a book, a university(u 念 [ju],子音音!) |
| 母音「音」開頭 → an | an apple, an hour(h 不發音,母音音!) |
2-2 ⚠️ 必背陷阱對照表
| 字 | 發音特性 | 冠詞 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| university | 開頭 [ju](子音) | a | a university |
| European | 開頭 [ju](子音) | a | a European country |
| one-way street | 開頭 [w](子音) | a | a one-way street |
| useful tool | 開頭 [ju](子音) | a | a useful tool |
| union | 開頭 [ju](子音) | a | a union worker |
| hour | h 不發音 → [aʊr](母音) | an | an hour |
| honest | h 不發音 → [ɑnəst](母音) | an | an honest man |
| honor | h 不發音 → [ɑnər](母音) | an | an honor |
| heir | h 不發音 → [ɛr](母音) | an | an heir |
| MBA | M 念 [em](母音) | an | an MBA |
| FBI agent | F 念 [ɛf](母音) | an | an FBI agent |
💎 威威記法:閉上眼睛念出來——舌頭從哪個位置開始發聲?
- 從「氣流順順流出」(母音)→ an
- 從「氣流被擋一下」(子音)→ a
🎯 a/an 即時練習(5 題)
1. Choose: She is ______ honest person. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
2. Choose: He waited for ______ hour at the station. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
3. Choose: My uncle is ______ university professor. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
4. Choose: She has ______ MBA from Harvard. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
5. Translate: 「我哥是個工程師。」(Use engineer)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題:(B) an
✅ She is an honest person. 解析:honest 的 h 不發音 → 母音音 → an。
第 2 題:(B) an
✅ He waited for an hour. 解析:hour 的 h 不發音 → an。
第 3 題:(A) a
✅ My uncle is a university professor. 解析:university 開頭念 [ju](子音音)→ a。
第 4 題:(B) an
✅ She has an MBA. 解析:MBA 念 [em-bi-ei],M 是 [em](母音音)→ an。
第 5 題:My brother is an engineer.
✅ 解析:engineer 開頭 [ɛn](母音音)→ an。 💎 對比:a teacher / a doctor(子音音)vs. an engineer / an artist(母音音)。
三、定冠詞 the — 「我們都知道」
3-1 the 的核心邏輯
the = 「特定指明」——說話者和聽者都知道指的是哪一個。
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 第二次提到 | I saw a dog. The dog was brown. |
| 上下文已知 | Pass me the salt.(餐桌上的鹽,雙方都知道) |
| 獨一無二 | the sun, the moon, the Internet, the sky |
| 序數 | the first, the second, the last |
| 最高級 | the best, the most beautiful, the tallest |
| 樂器 | play the piano, play the guitar |
| 特定群體(the + 形容詞) | the rich, the poor, the elderly, the unemployed |
| 國名(複數形 / 包含 republic, kingdom) | the United States, the Philippines, the UK |
| 山脈、河流、海洋 | the Himalayas, the Amazon, the Pacific Ocean |
3-2 the 的「省略」陷阱
| 情境 | 加 the | 不加 the |
|---|---|---|
| 一般 vs. 特定 | The life of a soldier is hard.(特定的軍人生活) | Life is short.(一般人生) |
| 機構 vs. 建築物 | go to the school(去學校這棟建築物,可能參觀) | go to school(去上學,學生身分) |
| 同上 | go to the church(去教堂建築物) | go to church(去做禮拜) |
| 同上 | go to the hospital(去醫院辦事) | go to hospital(去住院,英式) |
🎯 the 即時練習(5 題)
1. Choose: I bought a book and a magazine. ______ book is more interesting. (A) A (B) An (C) The (D) ✗
2. Choose: ______ Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world. (A) A (B) An (C) The (D) ✗
3. Choose: She plays ______ piano very well. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
4. Choose: He is ______ best student in the class. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
5. Translate: 「太陽從東邊升起。」(Use sun)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題:(C) The
✅ The book is more interesting. 解析:第二次提到 → 用 the(指前面提過的那本書)。
第 2 題:(C) The
✅ The Himalayas are… 解析:山脈名前面加 the。
第 3 題:(C) the
✅ She plays the piano. 解析:樂器前面加 the。
第 4 題:(C) the
✅ He is the best student. 解析:最高級前面加 the。
第 5 題:The sun rises in the east.
✅ 解析:sun 是獨一無二 → the;east 是方向(也算獨一無二)→ the。
四、零冠詞(不加任何冠詞)
有些情境根本不加冠詞——這也是台灣學生超常踩雷的地方!
4-1 不加冠詞的情境
| 情境 | 例句 | 中文邏輯陷阱 |
|---|---|---|
| 三餐 | I have breakfast at 7. | ❌ “I have the breakfast” |
| 運動 | I play basketball after school. | ❌ “I play the basketball”(除非指「那顆球」) |
| 學科 | I study math and science. | ❌ “the math, the science” |
| 語言 | I speak English and Japanese. | (但加 the 表「英文這個語言」也偶見) |
| 抽象名詞(一般概念) | Love is important. | ❌ “The love is important”(除非特定的愛) |
| 複數可數(一般概念) | Dogs are loyal. | ❌ “The dogs are loyal”(除非特定的狗) |
| 不可數(一般概念) | Water is essential. | ❌ “The water is essential” |
| 專有名詞(人名、地名) | Taiwan, Mr. Lee, Mount Everest | ❌ “the Taiwan”(國名單數一般不加 the) |
| 交通工具 by + | by bus, by train, by car | ❌ “by the bus” |
| 節日 | Christmas, Easter | ❌ “the Christmas” |
| 月份/星期 | in January, on Monday | ❌ “the January” |
4-2 「概念性 vs. 特定性」對比
| 一般概念(無冠詞) | 特定(加 the) |
|---|---|
| Life is beautiful.(人生很美) | The life of a CEO is busy.(CEO 的人生) |
| Music is my passion.(音樂是熱情) | The music in this café is great.(這咖啡店的音樂) |
| Coffee keeps me awake.(咖啡讓我清醒) | The coffee you made is great.(你泡的咖啡) |
| Books are my friends.(書是朋友) | The books on this shelf are mine.(這架上的書) |
🎯 判斷法: 「是泛指(一般概念)」用零冠詞;「是特定的、雙方都知道是哪個」用 the。
🎯 零冠詞即時練習(5 題)
1. Choose: I usually have ______ breakfast at 7 AM. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
2. Choose: She speaks ______ Japanese fluently. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
3. Choose: ______ love is more important than money. (A) A (B) An (C) The (D) ✗
4. 改錯:He goes to the school by the bus every morning.
5. Translate: 「我喜歡音樂。」vs. 「這首音樂很好聽。」(Use music)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題:(D) ✗ (零冠詞)
✅ I usually have breakfast. 解析:三餐前面不加冠詞。 💎 例外:I had a delicious breakfast this morning.(前面有形容詞修飾時,可以加 a/an)
第 2 題:(D) ✗ (零冠詞)
✅ She speaks Japanese. 解析:語言前面不加冠詞。 💎 對比:The Japanese language is beautiful.(“the + 形容詞 + 名詞”,特指這個語言)
第 3 題:(D) ✗ (零冠詞)
✅ Love is more important than money. 解析:抽象名詞泛指 → 零冠詞。
第 4 題:刪除兩個 the
✅ 修正:He goes to school by bus every morning. 解析:
- go to school(學生身分)→ 零冠詞。
- by + 交通工具 → 零冠詞。
第 5 題:兩種翻譯
- 「我喜歡音樂」→ I like music.(一般概念,零冠詞)
- 「這首音樂很好聽」→ The music is beautiful.(特定的這首,加 the)
五、名詞的複數形
5-1 規則變化
| 規則 | 單數 → 複數 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般 | + s | book → books |
| s, x, ch, sh, z 結尾 | + es | bus → buses, box → boxes, watch → watches |
| 子音 + y | y → ies | city → cities, baby → babies |
| 母音 + y | + s | boy → boys, day → days |
| f / fe 結尾 | 變 ves | leaf → leaves, wife → wives |
| o 結尾(部分) | + es | tomato → tomatoes, potato → potatoes |
| o 結尾(部分) | + s | photo → photos, piano → pianos |
5-2 不規則變化(必背!)
| 單數 | 複數 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| man | men | 男人 |
| woman | women | 女人 |
| child | children | 小孩 |
| tooth | teeth | 牙齒 |
| foot | feet | 腳 |
| mouse | mice | 老鼠 |
| goose | geese | 鵝 |
| person | people | 人 |
| ox | oxen | 牛 |
5-3 單複同形(特殊)
| 單數 | 複數 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| sheep | sheep | 綿羊 |
| deer | deer | 鹿 |
| fish | fish(少見 fishes,指不同種類) | 魚 |
| species | species | 物種 |
| series | series | 系列 |
| means | means | 方法 |
| aircraft | aircraft | 飛機 |
| salmon | salmon | 鮭魚 |
5-4 外來語複數(學測會考!)
| 單數 | 複數 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| datum | data | 資料 |
| medium | media | 媒介/媒體 |
| phenomenon | phenomena | 現象 |
| criterion | criteria | 標準 |
| analysis | analyses | 分析 |
| crisis | crises | 危機 |
| basis | bases | 基礎 |
| hypothesis | hypotheses | 假設 |
| oasis | oases | 綠洲 |
| cactus | cacti | 仙人掌 |
| nucleus | nuclei | 核 |
| stimulus | stimuli | 刺激 |
💎 學測高頻:data, media, criteria, phenomena——這幾個最常考,它們都是複數形!單數是 datum, medium, criterion, phenomenon。
🎯 複數形即時練習(5 題)
1. Choose: There are five ______ in the field. (A) sheep (B) sheeps (C) sheepes (D) sheep’s
2. Choose: My ______ are tired after walking all day. (A) foots (B) feet (C) feets (D) foot
3. Choose: The ______ from the survey are very interesting. (A) data (B) datum (C) datas (D) datums
4. 改錯:The womans were waiting for the bus.
5. Translate: 「研究人員發現了三個有趣的現象。」(Use phenomenon)
寫好答案再往下看 👇
解答與詳解
第 1 題:(A) sheep
✅ five sheep(單複同形)。
第 2 題:(B) feet
✅ My feet are tired.(foot → feet 不規則複數)。
第 3 題:(A) data
✅ The data from the survey are interesting.(data 是 datum 的複數) 💎 注意:data 後面的動詞有時用 is(當「資料」整體看),有時用 are(當「資料們」看)——現代英文兩種都接受。
第 4 題:womans → women
✅ The women were waiting. 💎 注意拼字:women 念 [ˈwɪmɪn](短 i),不是 [ˈwoʊmən]!
第 5 題:Researchers discovered three interesting phenomena.
✅ 解析:phenomenon 的複數是 phenomena(外來語複數)。
六、數量詞搭配表 — 可數還是不可數?
| 數量詞 | 配可數? | 配不可數? | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| many | ✓ | ✗ | many books |
| much | ✗ | ✓ | much water |
| few / a few | ✓ | ✗ | a few friends |
| little / a little | ✗ | ✓ | a little time |
| a lot of / lots of | ✓ | ✓ | a lot of books / a lot of water |
| plenty of | ✓ | ✓ | plenty of options / plenty of money |
| some / any | ✓ | ✓ | some books / some water |
| a number of | ✓ | ✗ | a number of students |
| an amount of | ✗ | ✓ | an amount of money |
| a great deal of | ✗ | ✓ | a great deal of effort |
🎯 威威口訣:
- many + 可數複數
- much + 不可數
- a lot of + 兩種都行(最安全選擇)
- a number of(許多)+ 可數
- an amount of(許多)+ 不可數
七、考試陷阱大整理
學測名詞冠詞考題的 6 大陷阱
陷阱 1:不可數名詞不能加 a/an / s
advice, information, furniture, equipment, luggage——永遠不可數!
陷阱 2:a/an 看發音不是字母
a university, an hour, an MBA!
陷阱 3:泛指 vs. 特定
Love is…(一般)vs. The love I have for you…(特定)。
陷阱 4:三餐/運動/學科/by + 交通工具 → 零冠詞
陷阱 5:外來語複數(data, media, criteria, phenomena)
陷阱 6:固定搭配(go to school vs. go to the school)
章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題
🟢 基礎題 (1-10)
1. I need some ______ about the train schedule. (A) informations (B) information (C) an information (D) the informations
2. She is ______ honest person. You can trust her. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
3. How ______ students are there in your class? (A) many (B) much (C) few (D) little
4. He goes to work by ______ bus every morning. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
5. There are three ______ on the farm. (A) sheep (B) sheeps (C) sheepes (D) a sheep
6. Choose: Mom bought ______ butter and ______ apples at the supermarket. (A) a / some (B) some / some (C) the / a (D) some / a
7. Choose: She is ______ MBA student. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗
8. Choose: ______ sun rises in ______ east. (A) ✗ / ✗ (B) The / the (C) A / an (D) The / ✗
9. Choose: I have ______ time to finish the project. (A) many (B) much (C) few (D) a few
10. Choose: My ______ have grown a lot since I last saw them. (A) child (B) childs (C) children (D) childrens
🟡 進階題 (11-20)
11. The committee couldn’t agree on the ______ for evaluating the new proposals. (A) criterion (B) criterions (C) criteria (D) criterias
12. ______ university education is becoming increasingly expensive in ______ United States. (A) A / the (B) The / ✗ (C) ✗ / the (D) An / a
13. The police gathered a large ______ of evidence at the crime scene. (A) number (B) amount (C) many (D) few
14. She gave me ______ on how to study English. (A) an advice (B) advices (C) a piece of advice (D) the advices
15. ______ Internet has changed the way we communicate. (A) A (B) An (C) The (D) ✗
16. Choose: I had ______ wonderful time at the party. (A) a (B) an (C) the (D) ✗ (提示:time 平常不可數,但加形容詞時可以加 a/an!)
17. Choose: Many ______ are migrating to other cities for better jobs. (A) people (B) peoples (C) person (D) persons
18. Choose: The hotel provides ______ for guests. (A) breakfast (B) a breakfast (C) the breakfast (D) breakfasts
19. Choose: He bought a new ______ at the furniture store. (A) furniture (B) furnitures (C) piece of furniture (D) the furniture
20. Choose: My grandfather has lost most of his ______. (A) tooth (B) tooths (C) teeth (D) teeths
🔴 挑戰題 (21-30)
21. Find errors: (a) I have an information about the meeting. (b) She gave me three advices. (c) The peoples in this town are friendly. (d) I bought a furniture for my new apartment.
22. Fill in the article (a/an/the/✗): ”___ Mount Everest is ___ highest mountain in ___ world. ___ climbers from ___ many countries try to climb it every year.”
23. Choose all correct sentences: (A) I love a music. It makes me happy. (B) I love music. It makes me happy. (C) The music in this restaurant is great. (D) Music is the universal language.
24. Translate: (a) 「我給你一個建議。」(Use a piece of advice) (b) 「太陽是個恆星。」(Use sun + star) (c) 「我每天搭公車去上學。」(Use by bus + go to school)
25. Identify the noun’s countability: (a) information — 可數 / 不可數 (b) suggestion — 可數 / 不可數 (c) homework — 可數 / 不可數 (d) idea — 可數 / 不可數 (e) news — 可數 / 不可數
26. Find errors and explain: “In a recent research, scientists discovered three new phenomenons. The data was collected from many country.”
27. Translate: (a) 「貧窮的人需要我們的幫助。」(Use the poor) (b) 「我有很多功課要做。」(Use much/a lot of + homework) (c) 「她有很多家具。」(Use furniture, since 不可數,要怎麼說「很多」?)
28. Choose all correct: (A) The Pacific Ocean is between Asia and America. (B) Pacific Ocean is between Asia and America. (C) Mount Fuji is in Japan. (D) The Mount Fuji is in Japan.
29. Fill in articles where necessary: ”___ love is ___ most powerful emotion. When you fall in ___ love, you feel happiness, fear, and excitement at ___ same time. ___ poets have written about it for ___ thousands of years.”
30. Terminal challenge—rewrite fixing all errors: “My sister is a engineer at the multinational company. She has many informations about the marketing trends. The criterias she uses to evaluate the products are very strict. Last week, she gave me three advices on how to start a business. Although she is busy, she always finds time to play the piano and read the books.”
章末總測驗 解答與詳解
🟢 基礎題 解答
第 1 題:(B) information
不可數,無 s 無 a/an。
第 2 題:(B) an
honest 的 h 不發音 → 母音音 → an。
第 3 題:(A) many
students 可數複數 → many。
第 4 題:(D) ✗
by + 交通工具 → 零冠詞。
第 5 題:(A) sheep
sheep 單複同形。
第 6 題:(B) some / some
butter 不可數 → some;apples 可數複數 → some。 💎 some 可以同時搭配可數和不可數!
第 7 題:(B) an
MBA 念 [em-bi-ei] → 母音音 → an。
第 8 題:(B) The / the
sun 獨一無二 → the;east 方向 → the。
第 9 題:(B) much
time 不可數 → much。 💎 例外:a long time(一段時間,加 a 表「次數/時段」)。
第 10 題:(C) children
child → children(不規則複數)。
🟡 進階題 解答
第 11 題:(C) criteria
criterion 的複數是 criteria(外來語)。
第 12 題:(C) ✗ / the
university education 是泛指 → 零冠詞。 United States 是國名(複數形 + states 結尾)→ 加 the。
第 13 題:(B) amount
evidence 不可數 → amount of。
第 14 題:(C) a piece of advice
advice 不可數 → 用 piece of。
第 15 題:(C) The
Internet 是獨一無二的(the 也可以說 the internet 表示「我們所知的網路」,特指)。 💎 現代用法 internet 也偶爾不加 the,但學測偏向 the Internet。
第 16 題:(A) a
「a + 形容詞 + 抽象名詞」可以加 a!“have a wonderful time” 是固定搭配(玩得很開心)。 💎 同類:have a great time / have a good night / have a long talk.
第 17 題:(A) people
people 已經是複數(person → people)。 💎 peoples 也存在,但意思是「民族/人群」(複數種類):the peoples of Asia = 亞洲的各民族。
第 18 題:(A) breakfast
三餐 → 零冠詞。
第 19 題:(C) piece of furniture
furniture 不可數,用 piece of 計算。
第 20 題:(C) teeth
tooth → teeth(不規則複數)。
🔴 挑戰題 解答
第 21 題:4 個錯誤
(a) “an information” → “some / a piece of information”(不可數) (b) “three advices” → “three pieces of advice”(不可數) (c) “peoples” → “people”(單複同形) (d) “a furniture” → “a piece of furniture”(不可數)
第 22 題:✗ / the / the / ✗ / ✗
✅ “Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Climbers from many countries try to climb it every year.” 解析:
- Mount Everest 是專有名詞 → 零冠詞
- the highest(最高級)→ the
- the world(獨一無二)→ the
- Climbers(泛指)→ 零冠詞
- many countries(已有 many)→ 零冠詞
第 23 題:(B)(C)(D) 正確
(A) ✗ “love a music” — music 一般概念不可數 → 零冠詞或 some。 (B) ✓ “love music” — 一般概念。 (C) ✓ “the music in this restaurant” — 特定的音樂(這家餐廳的)。 (D) ✓ “Music is the universal language” — 一般概念。
第 24 題:翻譯
(a) Let me give you a piece of advice. (b) The sun is a star. (c) I go to school by bus every day.
第 25 題:可數性
(a) information — 不可數 (b) suggestion — 可數(a suggestion / suggestions) (c) homework — 不可數 (d) idea — 可數 (e) news — 不可數 💎 注意:suggestion(可數)vs. advice(不可數)——意思相近但可數性不同!
第 26 題:3 個錯誤
原句:In a recent research, scientists discovered three new phenomenons. The data was collected from many country. ✅ 修正:
- a recent research → recent research(research 不可數,不加 a;或 “a recent study” 也可)
- phenomenons → phenomena(外來語複數)
- many country → many countries(many + 可數複數) 注意:data was/were 兩種都可以接受,這裡不算錯。
第 27 題:翻譯
(a) The poor need our help.(the + 形容詞 = 一群人) (b) I have a lot of homework to do.(homework 不可數,用 a lot of 或 much) (c) She has a lot of furniture.(furniture 不可數,用 a lot of 或 much) 💎 也可以說 “She has many pieces of furniture.”
第 28 題:(A)(C) 正確
(A) ✓ The Pacific Ocean — 海洋名加 the。 (B) ✗ 海洋名要加 the。 (C) ✓ Mount Fuji — 山名(單一)通常不加 the。 (D) ✗ Mount Fuji 不加 the。 💎 山脈(the Himalayas, the Alps)加 the;單一山峰(Mount Fuji, Mount Everest)不加。
第 29 題:✗ / the / ✗ / the / ✗ / ✗
✅ “Love is the most powerful emotion. When you fall in love, you feel happiness, fear, and excitement at the same time. Poets have written about it for thousands of years.” 解析:
- Love(一般概念)→ ✗
- the most powerful(最高級)→ the
- fall in love(固定片語)→ ✗
- at the same time(固定片語)→ the
- Poets(泛指)→ ✗
- thousands of years(複數一般)→ ✗
第 30 題:完整修正
原段:My sister is a engineer at the multinational company. She has many informations about the marketing trends. The criterias she uses to evaluate the products are very strict. Last week, she gave me three advices on how to start a business. Although she is busy, she always finds time to play the piano and read the books.
✅ 修正版: “My sister is an engineer at a multinational company. She has a lot of information about the marketing trends. The criteria she uses to evaluate the products are very strict. Last week, she gave me three pieces of advice on how to start a business. Although she is busy, she always finds time to play the piano and read books.”
修正了 6 處:
- a engineer → an engineer(母音音 [ɛn] → an)
- the multinational company → a multinational company(第一次提到,泛指一家)
- many informations → a lot of information(不可數)
- criterias → criteria(複數已經是 criteria,不加 s)
- three advices → three pieces of advice(不可數)
- read the books → read books(一般概念,不特指哪些書)
💎 注意:play the piano 是正確的(樂器加 the),不需修改。
課前快問 解答
詳見前面解答區。
自我評分
| 分數(30 題) | 等級 | 建議 |
|---|---|---|
| 27-30 | 🏆 威威等級 | 名詞冠詞精通!進入 09 名詞片語。 |
| 22-26 | 🥈 穩健等級 | 重點複習:不可數名詞、a/an 發音規則、外來語複數。 |
| 16-21 | 🥉 加油等級 | 5 大不可數名詞背熟(advice, information, furniture, equipment, luggage)。 |
| 0-15 | 💪 再出發 | 從可數/不可數的判斷開始,掌握「How many vs. How much」。 |
複習計畫
時間 內容 今天 全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗 第 3 天 默寫 5 大不可數名詞 + 不規則複數 第 7 天 寫 10 句子,混用 a/an/the/✗ 各種情境 第 14 天 找 100 字英文短文,圈名詞並判斷可數/不可數、定指/泛指 考試前 重看「6 大陷阱」 + 外來語複數
學習科學小知識:組塊化 (Chunking)
不可數名詞不要一個一個記,而是按語意類別「打包」——這叫組塊化 (Chunking)。
類別 不可數名詞 抽象概念 advice, information, knowledge, evidence 集合概念 furniture, luggage, equipment, machinery 液體 water, milk, coffee, juice 物質 bread, paper, gold, wood 學科 math, history, science, music 為什麼有效?因為大腦記「5 個類別」遠比記「50 個單字」容易。下次遇到新詞,你只要判斷「它屬於哪一類」就知道可不可數。
例如:advice 屬於「抽象概念」類 → 跟 information 一樣不可數 → 不能加 a/an / s。
這就是專家和初學者的差別:專家用類別記憶,初學者用單字記憶。