威威老師的文法特快車:時式入門 (Introduction to Tenses)

課程導航

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哈囉各位同學!我是威威老師。

中文裡只要說「我吃飯」,可以是過去、現在、未來——時間靠前後文時間副詞判斷。但英文不一樣。英文的動詞會變身——同一個 eat 可以變成 ate, eats, will eat, am eating, have eaten…光是一個動詞就有一堆面孔。

為什麼這麼麻煩?因為英文要求動詞自己告訴你「這件事什麼時候發生」「狀態如何」「還在進行還是已經完成」。

英文有 12 種時態——聽起來嚇人?別擔心。4 種就涵蓋日常 80%——今天我們先把這 4 種搞透:

🚂 現在簡單、過去簡單、未來簡單、現在進行——這四個是英文時態的「四大金剛」。

繫好安全帶 🚂


課前快問 (Pre-Quiz)

先憑直覺答:

  1. 「I ____ (go) to school every day.」空格填什麼?
  2. 「She ____ (watch) TV now.」用現在簡單還是現在進行?
  3. 「I will call you」和「I am going to call you」意思有什麼微妙的不同?

寫下答案再往下看 👇


一、英文 12 種時態的全景圖

英文時態 = 時間 (Time) × 體 (Aspect)

簡單 (Simple)進行 (Continuous)完成 (Perfect)完成進行 (Perfect Continuous)
現在現在簡單現在進行現在完成現在完成進行
過去過去簡單過去進行過去完成過去完成進行
未來未來簡單未來進行未來完成未來完成進行

💡 威威白話:

  • 時間 = 什麼時候(現在 / 過去 / 未來)
  • = 動作的進度狀態(簡單 = 一次性 / 進行 = 持續中 / 完成 = 已經做完)

12 種時態就是這 3×4 的組合。今天我們攻 4 種(粗體區):現在簡單、過去簡單、未來簡單、現在進行。其他 8 種會在 19 進階時式 解鎖。


二、現在簡單式 (Present Simple)

2-1 用法 — 「常態 / 真理 / 排程」

用法說明例句
習慣經常做的動作I eat breakfast at 7 AM.
事實/真理永遠不變The sun rises in the east.
狀態目前的情況She is a teacher.
固定排程按時間表發生The train leaves at 9 AM.

2-2 公式

句型公式例句
肯定S + V (三單加 s/es)He plays tennis.
否定S + do/does + not + 原形 VHe doesn’t play tennis.
疑問Do/Does + S + 原形 V?Does he play tennis?

2-3 信號字 (Signal Words)

看到這些字 → 八成是現在簡單式:

頻率副詞(按頻率高低排):

always(100%) > usually(80%) > often(60%) > sometimes(40%) > seldom(20%) > rarely(10%) > never(0%)
副詞例句
alwaysShe always wakes up early.
usuallyI usually drink coffee.
oftenHe often reads novels.
sometimesWe sometimes eat out.
seldom / rarelyShe rarely gets angry.
neverI never smoke.
every day/week…They play every day.

💎 頻率副詞位置: 在 be 動詞後面,在一般動詞前面——

  • She is always late. ✓
  • She always arrives late. ✓
  • She arrives always late.

2-4 三單現拼字規則

主詞是「他/她/它/單數名詞」時,動詞要加 s/es

規則加法範例
一般動詞直接 + splay → plays
s, x, ch, sh, o 結尾+ esgo → goes, watch → watches
子音 + y 結尾y → iesstudy → studies
母音 + y 結尾直接 + splay → plays, buy → buys
特殊變化不規則have → has

🎯 現在簡單式即時練習(5 題)

1. Fill in: She ______ (study) Japanese every weekend.

2. Choose: My brother ______ vegetables. (A) hate (B) hates (C) is hating (D) has hate

3. 改錯:He don’t like spicy food.

4. Place the adverb correctly: “She ______ (always) ______ to the gym ______.” (插入 always 的正確位置) 原句:She goes to the gym.

5. Translate: 「太陽從東邊升起。」

寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇

解答與詳解


三、過去簡單式 (Past Simple)

3-1 用法 — 「過去發生過了」

用法說明例句
過去的動作已經結束I visited Tokyo last year.
過去的狀態那時的情況She was a student then.
過去的習慣以前常做但現在不了I played outside as a kid.

3-2 公式

句型公式例句
肯定S + V-ed / 不規則動詞過去式She walked home.
否定S + did + not + 原形 VShe didn’t walk home.
疑問Did + S + 原形 V?Did she walk home?

🚨 關鍵: 否定/疑問用 did 之後,動詞打回原形

3-3 規則動詞加 ed 的 4 種拼法

規則加法範例
一般動詞+ edwalk → walked
e 結尾+ dlive → lived
子音 + y 結尾y → iedstudy → studied
子音+母音+子音(單音節)雙寫 + edstop → stopped

3-4 信號字

信號例句
yesterdayI saw him yesterday.
last + 時間We met last Monday.
… agoShe left two hours ago.
in + 過去年份He was born in 2010.
just nowThey finished just now.
back then / those daysThose days were happy.

3-5 50 個高頻不規則動詞 — 必背!

A. AAA 型(三態同形)

原形過去式過去分詞中文
cutcutcut
putputput
read*readread讀 (*發音不同:/riːd/ → /rɛd/ → /rɛd/)
letletlet
hithithit
setsetset設定
costcostcost花費
shutshutshut
hurthurthurt傷害

B. ABA 型(過去式不同,過去分詞 = 原形)

原形過去式過去分詞中文
comecamecome
becomebecamebecome成為
runranrun

C. ABB 型(過去式 = 過去分詞,但跟原形不同)

原形過去式過去分詞中文
meetmetmet遇見
keepkeptkept保持
sleepsleptslept
feelfeltfelt感覺
leaveleftleft離開
buyboughtbought
bringbroughtbrought帶來
thinkthoughtthought
catchcaughtcaught
teachtaughttaught
buildbuiltbuilt建造
sendsentsent
spendspentspent
loselostlost失去
sitsatsat
getgotgot/gotten得到
standstoodstood
paypaidpaid
saysaidsaid
sellsoldsold
telltoldtold告訴
hearheardheard聽見
havehadhad
makemademade
winwonwon
findfoundfound找到

D. ABC 型(三態都不同 — 最難記)

原形過去式過去分詞中文
gowentgone
seesawseen看見
dodiddone
eatateeaten
taketooktaken
givegavegiven
writewrotewritten
speakspokespoken
breakbrokebroken打破
choosechosechosen選擇
drivedrovedriven開車
flyflewflown
growgrewgrown成長
knowknewknown知道
rideroderidden
singsangsung
swimswamswum游泳
throwthrewthrown
wearworeworn穿
drawdrewdrawn
beginbeganbegun開始

💎 威威記法: 不要死背!按 AAA / ABA / ABB / ABC 分組記,配合故事或順口溜。 例如 ABB 群裡有個 group:think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught — 都念 /ɔːt/ 結尾,押韻!

🎯 過去簡單式即時練習(5 題)

1. Fill in (past tense): She ______ (write) a beautiful letter yesterday.

2. 改錯:Did you went to the party last night?

3. Choose: This jacket ______ me only $30 last week. (A) cost (B) costed (C) costs (D) was cost (注意:cost 是不規則動詞)

4. Translate: 「他兩年前學會了開車。」(用 learn / drive)

5. Find the verb that’s spelled the same but pronounced differently: “I read books every day. Yesterday I read a great novel.”

寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇

解答與詳解


四、未來式 (Future Simple) — will vs. be going to

4-1 兩種表達未來的方式

英文表達未來主要有兩種:willbe going to——它們意思相近但不完全一樣

A. will + 原形 V

用法說明例句
預測主觀覺得會發生It will rain tomorrow.
臨時決定當下決定要做”Phone’s ringing.” “I will answer it.”
承諾答應別人I will help you.
客觀未來一定會發生The sun will rise at 6 AM.

B. be going to + 原形 V

用法說明例句
計畫早就想好的事I am going to study abroad.
有跡象看得到徵兆即將發生Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.

4-2 will vs. be going to 大對決

情境willbe going to
預測I think he will win.(個人想法)Look! He is going to win!(看跡象)
決定I will help you!(臨時決定)I am going to help you.(早就計畫)
天氣It will be cold tomorrow.(一般預測)It is going to rain.(看烏雲了)
計畫I will visit Japan next month. (可,但不自然)I am going to visit Japan next month. ✓
承諾I will always love you. ✓I am going to always love you.
拒絕I won’t do it! ✓I am not going to do it.(也可,但較弱)
提議Will you open the door? ✓Are you going to open the door? ❌(變質問)

💡 威威黃金口訣:

  • 早就計畫好的事 → be going to
  • 臨時起意 / 預測 / 承諾 → will
  • 看到徵兆 → be going to

4-3 信號字

信號例句
tomorrowI will go tomorrow.
next + 時間She will visit next week.
soonThey are coming soon.
laterI’ll do it later.
in + 一段時間He will return in two days.
by + 時間I’ll finish by 5 PM.

🎯 未來式即時練習(5 題)

1. Choose: “Look at those dark clouds! It ______ rain.” (A) will (B) is going to (C) rains (D) is raining

2. Choose: “Your phone is ringing.” “Don’t worry, I ______ get it.” (A) will (B) am going to (C) am (D) get

3. Translate: 「我下個月要去日本玩。」(行程已定,用 be going to)

4. 改錯:I will to call you later.

5. Choose all sentences using future tense correctly: (A) I am going to studying tonight. (B) I will study tonight. (C) Tomorrow I am studying with friends.(已安排) (D) I will to study tonight.

寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇

解答與詳解


五、現在進行式 (Present Continuous)

5-1 用法 — 「正在做 / 暫時的 / 安排好的未來」

用法說明例句
此刻正在做現在這個瞬間I am writing a letter now.
近期暫時的狀態這陣子在做的事She is studying French this semester.
已安排的未來已經安排好的計畫We are leaving tomorrow.

5-2 公式

句型公式例句
肯定S + am/is/are + V-ingShe is reading a book.
否定S + am/is/are + not + V-ingShe isn’t reading a book.
疑問Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?Is she reading a book?

5-3 V-ing 拼字規則

規則加法範例
一般動詞+ ingplay → playing
e 結尾去 e + ingmake → making
子音+母音+子音(單音節,重音在最後)雙寫 + ingrun → running
ie 結尾ie → y + ingdie → dying, lie → lying

雙寫常見例子:

原形V-ing原形V-ing
runrunningsitsitting
stopstoppingswimswimming
putputtingbeginbeginning
planplanningforgetforgetting
cutcuttinggetgetting

5-4 信號字

信號例句
nowI am eating now.
right nowShe is sleeping right now.
at the momentThey are studying at the moment.
Look!Look! It is raining!
Listen!Listen! Someone is singing!
currentlyHe is currently working on a project.

5-5 ⚠️ 不能用進行式的「狀態動詞」

有些動詞表達「狀態」(不是動作)——不用進行式

類型動詞
心理狀態know, believe, understand, think (= 認為), forget, remember, recognize
情感like, love, hate, want, need, prefer, wish
感官see (看見), hear, smell (聞到), taste (嘗起來)
所有/包含have (擁有), own, belong, contain, include, consist of
存在/狀態be, seem, appear, exist

❌ I am knowing the answer. → ✅ I know the answer. ❌ She is loving music. → ✅ She loves music. ❌ This box is containing books. → ✅ This box contains books.

💎 特殊例外:have

  • have = 擁有 → 不用進行式(I have a car. ✓ / I am having a car.
  • have = 吃/喝/上課/玩 → 可以用進行式(I am having dinner. ✓ / She is having a great time.) 「擁有 have」是狀態,「吃飯/玩 have」是動作。

🎯 現在進行式即時練習(5 題)

1. Fill in: “Be quiet! The baby ______ (sleep).”

2. 改錯:I am understanding your point now.

3. Choose: “I ______ (have / am having) lunch with my boss right now.” (用餐動作中)

4. 改錯:She is studing for her exam.(拼字錯誤)

5. Choose: “She ______ in Taipei this semester, but normally she ______ in Tainan.” (A) is living / lives (B) lives / is living (C) is living / is living (D) lives / lives

寫好答案再往下看詳解 👇

解答與詳解


六、四大時態總決算

6-1 終極對照表(背下來,考試多 30 分)

時態用法肯定否定疑問信號字
現在簡單習慣/事實She plays tennis.She doesn’t play.Does she play?always, every day
過去簡單過去的事She played tennis.She didn’t play.Did she play?yesterday, last, ago
未來簡單未來的事She will play tennis.She won’t play.Will she play?tomorrow, next
現在進行正在做She is playing tennis.She isn’t playing.Is she playing?now, right now

6-2 同一動詞的四面照

#現在簡單過去簡單未來簡單現在進行
1I eat rice.I ate rice.I will eat rice.I am eating rice.
2She goes to school.She went to school.She will go to school.She is going to school.
3They play soccer.They played soccer.They will play soccer.They are playing soccer.
4We study English.We studied English.We will study English.We are studying English.
5It rains a lot.It rained a lot.It will rain a lot.It is raining now.

七、考試陷阱大整理

學測時態考題的 5 大陷阱

陷阱 1:看到 now 不一定用進行式!

句子解析
I am eating now. ✓eat 是動作 → 進行式
I am a student now. ✓be + 名詞 → 狀態 → 簡單式(不能說 I am being a student!)
I understand now. ✓understand 是狀態動詞 → 簡單式

🔑 **規則:「now」不是進行式的萬能信號——**還要看動詞是「動作」還是「狀態」。

陷阱 2:表未來的進行式

已安排的未來計畫,可以用現在進行式

等同句意思
I am leaving tomorrow.我明天要離開(已安排)
= I will leave tomorrow.我明天會離開
= I am going to leave tomorrow.我計畫明天離開

陷阱 3:頻率副詞位置

位置例句
be 動詞後面She is always late. ✓
一般動詞前面She always arrives late. ✓
助動詞和主動詞之間She has always loved music. ✓
動詞後面She arrives always late.

陷阱 4:不規則動詞拼字

不要寫 buyed / catched / runned / goed——這些字不存在!正確:bought / caught / ran / went。

陷阱 5:don’t / doesn’t / didn’t 後面永遠接原形動詞

❌ She doesn’t likes pizza. ❌ He didn’t went home. ❌ Do you likes coffee? ✅ She doesn’t like, He didn’t go, Do you like.


章末總測驗 (Chapter Test) — 30 題

應試指引

30 題分三難度。建議計時:基礎 5 分 / 進階 10 分 / 挑戰 15 分。先做題再對答!


🟢 基礎題 (1-10):填入正確的動詞形式

1. She ______ (go) to school by bus every day.

2. They ______ (play) soccer in the park yesterday.

3. Look! It ______ (rain) outside.

4. We ______ (visit) our grandparents next weekend.

5. He always ______ (wake) up at 6 AM.

6. She ______ (not / eat) breakfast this morning.

7. ______ you ______ (like) chocolate?

8. I ______ (be) born in 2010.

9. The baby ______ (cry) right now.

10. My father ______ (read) the newspaper every Sunday.


🟡 進階題 (11-20)

11. Fill in two verbs: “She usually ______ (wear) a uniform to school, but today she ______ (wear) a dress.”

12. Fill in two verbs: “I ______ (see) a great movie last night. I think you ______ (love) it too.”

13. Fill in dialogue: “What ______ you ______ (do)?” “I ______ (write) an email.”

14. Fill in: “They ______ (not / come) to the party yesterday because they ______ (be) sick.”

15. Choose: “Hurry up! The train ______ in 10 minutes.”(火車時刻表) (A) leaves (B) is leaving (C) will leave (D) all of the above are acceptable

16. Fill in: “My sister ______ (study) in the library at the moment. She ______ (have) a big test tomorrow.”

17. Fill in (carefully — 過去語境的「想」): “When I was young, I ______ (think) the moon ______ (follow) me.”

18. Choose: “Please be quiet. The children ______ now.” (A) sleep (B) sleeps (C) are sleeping (D) will sleep

19. Fill in: “She ______ (buy) a new phone two days ago.”

20. Choose: “Tomorrow is my birthday. My mom ______ a big cake for me.”(已計畫) (A) makes (B) made (C) is going to make (D) will be making


🔴 挑戰題 (21-30):跨章節 + 易錯陷阱

21. Translate: 「我每天早上六點起床,但今天我睡到八點。」(用現在簡單 + 過去簡單)

22. Fill in 4 verbs: “She ______ (be) a good student. She always ______ (finish) her homework on time. Yesterday she ______ (complete) a big project. Right now she ______ (study) for the exam.”

23. Find and fix the error: “She is knowing the answer.”

24. Translate: 「他們上週去台北。他們下個月要去日本。」(用過去簡單 + 未來式)

25. Choose all correct sentences: (A) I am going to the gym every day. (B) I go to the gym every day. (C) I went to the gym tomorrow. (D) I will went to the gym next week.

26. Find all errors in this paragraph and fix them: “My family go to Japan last summer. We staying at a beautiful hotel near the beach. Every morning, we are eating breakfast at a small café. The food was delicious! Next year, we will visiting Korea.”

27. Choose the best tense and explain: “My phone ______ (ring) constantly today. I think someone is trying to reach me.” (A) rings (B) is ringing (C) rang (D) will ring

28. Translate three short sentences: (a) 我朋友現在在學中文。(progressive, temporary) (b) 我朋友每天學中文。(simple, habit) (c) 我朋友從去年開始學中文。(complete continuous - hint: she’s still learning)

29. Identify the verb tense in each clause and explain why: “Although I usually drink tea in the morning, today I am drinking coffee because I went to bed late last night and need extra caffeine.”

30. Terminal challenge—mixed tense paragraph: “Look at the kids! They ______ (play) so happily. Yesterday, they ______ (go) to the zoo and ______ (see) lots of animals. They probably ______ (visit) the museum next week. They ______ (be) such curious children.”


章末總測驗 解答與詳解

🟢 基礎題 解答


🟡 進階題 解答


🔴 挑戰題 解答


課前快問 解答

1. “I ____ (go) to school every day.” → go(每天 → 現在簡單,I 是第一人稱不加 s)。

2. “She ____ (watch) TV now.” → is watching(now → 現在進行式)。

3. “I will call you” vs. “I am going to call you” 差異?

  • I will call you:較像臨時決定一般承諾(剛剛想到要打)。
  • I am going to call you:強調早就計畫好(事先就打算要打)。

例:朋友抱怨他孤單→「I will call you tomorrow!」(你當下決定)vs. 你和朋友約好下週通話→「I’m going to call you next Monday.」(早就安排好)。


自我評分

分數(30 題)等級建議
27-30🏆 威威等級四大時態全內化!進入 04 介系詞
22-26🥈 穩健等級加強不規則動詞、will vs. be going to、狀態動詞陷阱。
16-21🥉 加油等級把「四大時態總決算表」(6-1) 默寫熟,每天練 5 句。
0-15💪 再出發不規則動詞表 (3-5 節) 每天背 10 個,一週後再考。

複習計畫

時間內容方式
今天全文 + 即時練習 + 章末測驗一遍
第 3 天不規則動詞默寫 + 重做錯題主動回憶
第 7 天拿一篇英文短文,圈出每個動詞並說明時態實戰
第 14 天寫一段 100 字「我的一天」,至少用 3 種時態寫作
考試前重看「5 大陷阱」 + 不規則動詞 ABC 型焦點複習

學習科學小知識:分散練習 (Distributed Practice)

同樣總時數,「每天 30 分鐘 × 7 天」的學習效果,遠大於「一次狂讀 3.5 小時」。這叫 「分散練習效應」

為什麼?每次學習後,記憶會「先變弱再變強」——間隔讓你的大腦有時間「鞏固」(consolidation)。集中學習是「短暫塞滿」,分散學習是「長期內建」。

應用到不規則動詞:

  • ❌ 一次背 50 個——3 天後忘 70%。
  • ✅ 每天背 5–10 個 + 隔天複習 → 1 個月後仍記得 90%。

這就是為什麼威威老師的複習計畫不是「天天讀」,而是「今天 → 3 天 → 7 天 → 14 天」——每次間隔都讓你快忘記但還沒忘,這時候複習效果最強。


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