威威老師的寫作教室：中翻英技巧 (Chinese-to-English Translation for GSAT)
導航
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Section 1：學測翻譯評分標準
1.1 評分等級
學測英文翻譯題通常有兩題中翻英，每題 4 分，共 8 分。
| 等級 | 分數 | 說明 |
|---|---|---|
| 優 | 4 分 | 語法正確、用詞得當、翻譯流暢 |
| 佳 | 3 分 | 語法小錯但不影響理解、用詞基本正確 |
| 可 | 2 分 | 有明顯語法錯誤但能表達部分意思 |
| 差 | 1 分 | 錯誤嚴重、意思不清楚 |
| 零 | 0 分 | 未作答或完全無法理解 |
1.2 評分重點
- 語法正確 (Grammar)： 時態、主謂一致、詞序
- 詞彙恰當 (Vocabulary)： 選詞準確、搭配正確
- 句型完整 (Structure)： 句子結構完整、不缺要素
- 語意忠實 (Accuracy)： 忠於原文意思，不遺漏關鍵資訊
1.3 常見失分原因
| 錯誤類型 | 說明 | 範例 |
|---|---|---|
| 時態錯誤 | 中文沒有時態標記，容易忽略 | ”昨天他 go 到學校” → went |
| 主詞遗漏 | 中文常省略主詞 | ”下雨了” → It rained. (不是 Rained.) |
| 詞序錯誤 | 中英文詞序不同 | ”我非常喜歡它” → I like it very much. (不是 I very much like it.) |
| 搭配錯誤 | 直譯導致不自然的搭配 | ”做決定” → make a decision (不是 do a decision) |
| 遺漏資訊 | 翻譯不完整 | 漏掉形容詞、副詞或子句 |
Section 2：Step-by-Step Translation Method
Step 1：找主詞和動詞 (Find S + V)
原則： 每個英文句子都必須有主詞和動詞。翻譯的第一步是找出中文句子的主詞和動詞。
範例：
- 中文：颱風來的時候，我們應該待在家裡。
- 主詞：我們 (we)
- 動詞：應該待 (should stay)
注意事項：
- 中文常省略主詞，需要補上
- 中文有時用無生命主詞，英文需要調整
- 確定是誰在做什麼
Step 2：選擇時態 (Choose Tense)
判斷原則：
| 中文提示詞 | 英文時態 |
|---|---|
| 昨天、上週、去年 | Simple Past |
| 現在、通常、每天 | Simple Present |
| 明天、下週、將來 | Simple Future (will) |
| 已經、剛才 | Present Perfect |
| 正在… | Present Continuous |
| 當…的時候（過去） | Past Continuous |
範例：
- 他昨天已經完成了作業。→ He had already finished / finished his homework yesterday.
Step 3：加修飾語 (Add Modifiers)
修飾語的英文字序：
形容詞 + 名詞：a beautiful girl（美麗的女孩） 副詞 + 動詞/形容詞：quickly ran, very happy 動詞 + 副詞：run quickly（不是 run very quickly the park to）
多個修飾語的順序：
Opinion → Size → Age → Shape → Color → Origin → Material → Purpose
觀點 → 大小 → 年齡 → 形狀 → 顏色 → 來源 → 材質 → 用途
範例：a beautiful large old round red Chinese wooden dining table
Step 4：檢查文法 (Check Grammar)
檢查清單：
- 主謂一致：He goes / They go
- 時態一致：不要在同一句中混用過去式和現在式
- 冠詞：a/an/the 使用正確
- 介系詞：in/on/at 用法正確
- 拼字：特別注意雙寫字母和不規則拼法
- 標點：句首大寫、句末句號
完整翻譯範例
中文： 隨著科技的進步，越來越多年輕人喜歡在網路上購物，因為這既方便又省時。
Step 1（找 S+V）：
- 主句主詞：越來越多年輕人 (more and more young people)
- 主句動詞：喜歡 (like)
- 子句主詞：這 (it)
- 子句動詞：是 (is)
Step 2（選時態）：
- 陳述一般事實 → Simple Present
Step 3（加修飾語）：
- 隨著科技的進步 → With the advancement of technology
- 在網路上購物 → shopping online
- 既方便又省時 → both convenient and time-saving
Step 4（組合檢查）：
With the advancement of technology, more and more young people like shopping online because it is both convenient and time-saving.
Section 3：Translation Practice
Basic Level（簡單句）— 10 題
B1. 這本書比那本書有趣得多。
This book is much more interesting than that one.
B2. 他每天都花一小時運動。
He spends one hour exercising every day.
B3. 我的哥哥是一名醫生，他在醫院工作。
My brother is a doctor, and he works in a hospital.
B4. 我們應該每天喝足夠的水來保持健康。
We should drink enough water every day to stay healthy.
B5. 這個週末我們打算去爬山。
We plan to go hiking this weekend.
B6. 他跑得很快，所以趕上了最後一班公車。
He ran very fast, so he caught the last bus.
B7. 對學生來說，充足的睡眠非常重要。
Getting enough sleep is very important for students.
B8. 臺灣以美食和美麗的風景聞名。
Taiwan is famous for its delicious food and beautiful scenery.
B9. 我從來沒有看過這麼精彩的電影。
I have never seen such a wonderful movie.
B10. 聽音樂是放鬆心情的好方法。
Listening to music is a good way to relax.
Intermediate Level（複合句）— 10 題
I1. 雖然他很累，他仍然堅持把工作做完才回家。
Although he was very tired, he still insisted on finishing his work before going home.
I2. 政府應該採取行動來解決空氣汙染的問題，因為它已經嚴重影響了人們的健康。
The government should take action to solve the problem of air pollution because it has seriously affected people’s health.
I3. 根據最近的一項研究，每天閱讀三十分鐘可以大幅提升記憶力。
According to a recent study, reading for thirty minutes every day can significantly improve memory.
I4. 那個小鎮不僅風景優美，而且居民也非常友善。
That town not only has beautiful scenery but also has very friendly residents.
I5. 我們越早採取行動，就越能減少對環境的破壞。
The sooner we take action, the more we can reduce damage to the environment.
I6. 由於氣候變遷的影響，許多動物的棲息地正在逐漸消失。
Due to the impact of climate change, the habitats of many animals are gradually disappearing.
I7. 如果我們不珍惜水資源，未來可能會面臨嚴重的缺水問題。
If we do not cherish our water resources, we may face serious water shortages in the future.
I8. 在這個資訊爆炸的時代，具備判斷真假的能力比以往任何時候都重要。
In this era of information explosion, the ability to distinguish truth from falsehood is more important than ever before.
I9. 無論你選擇什麼職業，持續學習都是成功的關鍵。
No matter what career you choose, continuous learning is the key to success.
I10. 教育的目的不只是傳授知識，更重要的是培養學生獨立思考的能力。
The purpose of education is not only to impart knowledge but, more importantly, to cultivate students’ ability to think independently.
Advanced Level（子句/分詞構句）— 10 題
A1. 受到全球化的影響，許多年輕人選擇出國留學以拓展國際視野。
Influenced by globalization, many young people choose to study abroad to broaden their international perspectives.
A2. 只有在充分了解問題的根本原因之後，我們才能提出有效的解決方案。
Only after fully understanding the root causes of the problem can we propose effective solutions.
A3. 令人遺憾的是，儘管科技帶來了許多便利，它也造成了人際關係的疏離。
It is regrettable that although technology has brought much convenience, it has also caused alienation in interpersonal relationships.
A4. 面對日益嚴重的貧富差距問題，各國政府應該重新思考其社會福利政策。
Facing the increasingly serious problem of the wealth gap, governments around the world should rethink their social welfare policies.
A5. 研究顯示，經常從事志工服務的人不僅心理健康狀態較佳，也比較容易感到幸福。
Research shows that people who regularly engage in volunteer service not only have better mental health but also tend to feel happier.
A6. 被譽為「臺灣之光」的那位科學家，畢生致力於推動環境保護的研究。
The scientist hailed as “the pride of Taiwan” devoted his entire life to promoting research on environmental protection.
A7. 我們不能把乾淨的水和清新的空氣視為理所當然，因為這些資源一旦被破壞就很難恢復。
We cannot take clean water and fresh air for granted, because once these resources are damaged, they are difficult to restore.
A8. 只要有堅定的意志和正確的方法，任何困難都有被克服的可能。
As long as there is firm determination and the right approach, any difficulty can be overcome.
A9. 社群媒體雖然拉近了人與人之間的虛擬距離，卻也可能加深現實生活中的孤獨感。
Although social media has shortened the virtual distance between people, it may also deepen the sense of loneliness in real life.
A10. 在追求經濟成長的同時，我們絕不能犧牲下一代的生存環境。
While pursuing economic growth, we must never sacrifice the living environment of the next generation.
Section 4：Common Translation Errors and Corrections
4.1 直譯錯誤
| 中文 | 錯誤翻譯 | 正確翻譯 |
|---|---|---|
| 做決定 | do a decision | make a decision |
| 學知識 | learn knowledge | acquire knowledge |
| 很高興認識你 | Very happy to know you. | It is nice to meet you. |
| 人山人海 | people mountain people sea | a huge crowd of people |
| 有很長的歷史 | has a long history of… | has a long history |
4.2 時態錯誤
| 中文 | 錯誤翻譯 | 正確翻譯 |
|---|---|---|
| 他昨天去臺北。 | He go to Taipei yesterday. | He went to Taipei yesterday. |
| 我已經吃過了。 | I already eat. | I have already eaten. |
| 她正在看書。 | She is read a book. | She is reading a book. |
4.3 詞彙錯誤
| 中文 | 錯誤翻譯 | 正確翻譯 |
|---|---|---|
| 嚴重的問題 | a serious problem | a serious problem (正確) |
| 嚴重的受傷 | a serious injury | a serious/severe injury |
| 保持健康 | keep health | stay healthy / keep healthy |
| 提升品質 | promote quality | improve quality |
| 造成影響 | make influence | have an influence / exert an impact |
4.4 句型錯誤
| 錯誤類型 | 錯誤範例 | 修正 |
|---|---|---|
| 缺主詞 | Is very important to study. | It is very important to study. |
| although + but | Although he is young, but he is smart. | Although he is young, he is smart. |
| because + so | Because it rained, so I stayed home. | Because it rained, I stayed home. |
| spend + to V | I spent two hours to finish it. | I spent two hours finishing it. |
翻譯高分要訣
- 先確定主詞和動詞，不要急著翻
- 注意時態標記詞（昨天、已經、正在）
- 用自己有把握的字，不要冒險用太難的字
- 翻完再讀一遍，檢查語法
- 中文和英文的句子結構不同，不要逐字翻譯
- 多練習核心句型（見 W04 學測翻譯-核心句型40）
導航
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