威威老師的時光機：過去簡單式 (Past Simple Tense)
課前小測驗：R06 複習
上一次我們學了現在簡單式，先確認你還記得！
- 填入正確的動詞：She ______ (go) to school every day.
- 改成否定句：He watches TV every night. → ________________________
- 改成疑問句：They play basketball on weekends. → ________________________
答案在這裡
- She goes to school every day.（She 是三單，go → goes）
- He doesn’t watch TV every night.（doesn’t 後面用原形 watch）
- Do they play basketball on weekends? Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
都答對了嗎？那我們要搭時光機回到過去了！
Section 1：什麼是過去式？
想像你有一台時光機：
- 現在簡單式 = 你站在「今天」，描述每天做的事
- 過去簡單式 = 你搭時光機回到昨天、上週、去年，描述「已經發生」的事
| 時間 | 中文 | 英文 |
|---|---|---|
| 現在 | 我每天吃早餐。 | I eat breakfast every day. |
| 過去 | 我昨天吃了早餐。 | I ate breakfast yesterday. |
| 現在 | 他每天走路去上學。 | He walks to school every day. |
| 過去 | 他昨天走路去上學。 | He walked to school yesterday. |
看到了嗎？動詞從 eat 變成 ate，從 walks 變成 walked。 這就是過去式 —— 動詞穿上「過去的衣服」。
過去式什麼時候用？
- 已經結束的動作：我昨天看了一部電影。
- 過去的狀態：她去年住在台北。
- 過去的事實：愛因斯坦在 1955 年去世。
Section 2：規則動詞加 -ed
英文大部分的動詞是「規則動詞」，過去式只要在字尾加 -ed。
但是！加 -ed 的方式有四種，要看字尾是什麼：
規則一：一般動詞 —— 直接加 -ed
| 原形 | 過去式 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| play | played | 玩 |
| walk | walked | 走路 |
| talk | talked | 說話 |
| cook | cooked | 煮 |
| clean | cleaned | 打掃 |
| listen | listened | 聽 |
| open | opened | 打開 |
| close | closeed | 關上 |
這是最簡單的，直接加上去就好！
規則二：字尾已經有 e —— 只加 -d
| 原形 | 過去式 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| live | lived | 住 |
| like | liked | 喜歡 |
| love | loved | 愛 |
| dance | danced | 跳舞 |
| use | used | 使用 |
| smile | smiled | 微笑 |
| arrive | arrived | 到達 |
| move | moved | 移動 |
已經有 e 了，就不用再加 ed，只要加 d 就好。
規則三：子音 + y 結尾 —— 去 y 加 -ied
| 原形 | 過去式 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| study | studied | 讀書 |
| carry | carried | 搬運 |
| try | tried | 嘗試 |
| cry | cried | 哭 |
| hurry | hurried | 趕快 |
| worry | worried | 擔心 |
| marry | married | 結婚 |
| copy | copied | 複製 |
注意！
只有「子音 + y」才去 y 加 ied！ 如果是「母音 + y」，就直接加 ed： play → played（不是 plied！） enjoy → enjoyed
規則四：子音 + 母音 + 子音 (CVC) —— 雙寫最後子音再加 -ed
| 原形 | 過去式 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| stop | stopped | 停止 |
| plan | planned | 計畫 |
| rob | robbed | 搶劫 |
| hug | hugged | 擁抱 |
| clap | clapped | 拍手 |
| drop | dropped | 掉落 |
為什麼要雙寫？因為如果不雙寫，讀音會改變。 stop 變 stoped 的話，o 會唸長音（像 stope），但我們要的是短音 stop。
四種規則總整理表
| 規則 | 條件 | 做法 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 一般 | 直接加 -ed | play → played |
| 2 | 字尾有 e | 只加 -d | live → lived |
| 3 | 子音 + y | 去 y 加 -ied | study → studied |
| 4 | CVC 結尾 | 雙寫子音 + ed | stop → stopped |
Section 3：不規則動詞表 (Top 30 Irregular Verbs)
有些動詞不照規則來，它們的過去式要用背的。
別怕！我們先背最常用的 30 個：
常用不規則動詞表
| 原形 | 過去式 | 中文 | 簡單例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| is / am | was | 是 | I was happy yesterday. |
| are | were | 是 | They were at school. |
| have | had | 有 | I had a dog last year. |
| do | did | 做 | She did her homework. |
| go | went | 去 | He went to the store. |
| eat | ate | 吃 | We ate pizza last night. |
| see | saw | 看 | I saw a movie yesterday. |
| come | came | 來 | She came to my house. |
| take | took | 拿/帶 | He took my pen. |
| make | made | 做/製造 | I made a cake. |
| give | gave | 給 | Mom gave me $100. |
| get | got | 得到 | I got a new phone. |
| say | said | 說 | He said hello. |
| know | knew | 知道 | I knew the answer. |
| think | thought | 想/認為 | I thought it was easy. |
| feel | felt | 感覺 | She felt sick yesterday. |
| buy | bought | 買 | I bought a book. |
| bring | brought | 帶來 | He brought his laptop. |
| write | wrote | 寫 | She wrote a letter. |
| read | read | 讀 | I read a story last night. |
| sleep | slept | 睡 | He slept for 10 hours. |
| leave | left | 離開 | They left at 6 p.m. |
| tell | told | 告訴 | She told me a secret. |
| find | found | 找到 | I found my keys. |
| lose | lost | 輸/弄丟 | We lost the game. |
| catch | caught | 接住 | He caught the ball. |
| teach | taught | 教 | My mom taught me math. |
| stand | stood | 站 | He stood up. |
| sit | sat | 坐 | She sat on the chair. |
| run | ran | 跑 | I ran to school. |
read 的過去式拼法一樣但唸法不同！
read（現在式）唸 /ri:d/（長音） read（過去式）唸 /rɛd/（短音，跟 red 一樣）
分組記憶建議
不規則動詞可以按照變化模式來分組背：
| 類型 | 說明 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| AAA 型 | 三態都一樣 | cut-cut-cut, put-put-put, read-read-read（拼法一樣） |
| ABA 型 | 過去分詞跟原形一樣 | come-came-come, run-ran-run |
| ABB 型 | 過去式和過去分詞一樣 | meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt, sleep-slept-slept |
| ABC 型 | 三個都不一樣 | go-went-gone, see-saw-seen, take-took-taken |
目前你只需要背原形 → 過去式就好，過去分詞以後再學！
記憶技巧
不要死背表格！試試這些方法：
- 搭配簡單例句背： “I went to school.” 比 “go-went” 更好記。
- 分組背： 一次背 5 個，每組挑一個自己造句。
- 寫卡片： 正面寫原形，背面寫過去式，每天翻幾張。
- 用旋律唱： 把 go-went, eat-ate 套進一首歌的旋律裡。
Section 4：句型公式
過去式的句型和現在簡單式很像，但用的助動詞不同。
肯定句：S + V-ed / V-irregular
| 主詞 | 動詞（過去式） | 完整句子 |
|---|---|---|
| I | played | I played soccer yesterday. |
| You | studied | You studied English last night. |
| He | went | He went to the park. |
| She | ate | She ate lunch at 12. |
| It | rained | It rained all day. |
| We | saw | We saw a movie last week. |
| They | came | They came to Taiwan in 2020. |
不管主詞是誰，過去式動詞都一樣！沒有「三單現加 s」的問題了。
否定句：S + didn’t + V (原形！)
| 主詞 | 助動詞 | 完整句子 |
|---|---|---|
| I | didn’t | I didn’t play soccer yesterday. |
| You | didn’t | You didn’t study last night. |
| He | didn’t | He didn’t go to the park. |
| She | didn’t | She didn’t eat lunch at 12. |
| We | didn’t | We didn’t see a movie. |
| They | didn’t | They didn’t come to Taiwan. |
超重要！
用了 didn’t 之後，動詞要回到原形！
- He didn’t went ❌ （不能再用過去式！）
- He didn’t go ✅ （didn’s 已經表示過去了，動詞不必再變）
這跟現在式的邏輯一樣：doesn’t 後面用原形，didn’t 後面也用原形！
疑問句：Did + S + V (原形！)
| 主詞 | 助動詞 | 完整句子 |
|---|---|---|
| I | Did | Did I play soccer? |
| you | Did | Did you study last night? |
| he | Did | Did he go to the park? |
| she | Did | Did she eat lunch at 12? |
| we | Did | Did we see a movie? |
| they | Did | Did they come to Taiwan? |
同樣，Did 後面的動詞用原形！
- Did he went? ❌
- Did he go? ✅
大表格整理
以動詞 play 為例：
| 現在簡單式 (I) | 現在簡單式 (He) | 過去簡單式 (所有人稱) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 肯定 | I play. | He plays. | I/He played. |
| 否定 | I don’t play. | He doesn’t play. | I/He didn’t play. |
| 疑問 | Do I play? | Does he play? | Did I/he play? |
| 簡答 Yes | Yes, I do. | Yes, he does. | Yes, I/he did. |
| 簡答 No | No, I don’t. | No, he doesn’t. | No, I/he didn’t. |
注意看！過去式的否定和疑問，所有人稱都用 didn’t / Did，沒有 doesn’t / Does 了！
超重要提醒：不要雙重標記！
最大的陷阱
過去式只需要一個地方表示「過去」，不要寫兩次！
錯誤 正確 問題 He didn’t went. ❌ He didn’t go. ✅ didn’t 已經是過去式了 Did he went? ❌ Did he go? ✅ Did 已經是過去式了 He wasn’t went. ❌ He didn’t go. ✅ was 是 be 動詞，不能混用 記住：過去式的變化只能出現在一個地方！ 肯定句 → 動詞變過去式 否定句/疑問句 → 用 didn’t/Did，動詞保持原形
Section 5：信號字
看到這些字，就用過去簡單式！
| 信號字 | 中文 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| yesterday | 昨天 | I played soccer yesterday. |
| last night | 昨晚 | She studied English last night. |
| last week | 上週 | We went to Tainan last week. |
| last month | 上個月 | He visited his grandma last month. |
| last year | 去年 | They moved to Taipei last year. |
| two days ago | 兩天前 | I saw him two days ago. |
| a week ago | 一週前 | She called me a week ago. |
| three years ago | 三年前 | We met three years ago. |
| in 2020 | 在2020年 | He came to Taiwan in 2020. |
| this morning | 今天早上 | I ate breakfast this morning. |
ago 的公式：數字 + 時間 + ago
- two hours ago（兩小時前）
- three days ago（三天前）
- five years ago（五年前）
現在式 vs. 過去式 信號字對比
| 現在簡單式 | 過去簡單式 | |
|---|---|---|
| 信號字 | every day, always, usually | yesterday, last ___, ___ ago |
| 例句 | I play soccer every day. | I played soccer yesterday. |
Section 6：be 動詞的過去式
be 動詞的過去式是不規則的：
| 現在式 | 過去式 |
|---|---|
| am | was |
| is | was |
| are | were |
肯定句
| 例句 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| I was happy yesterday. | am → was |
| He was at school last week. | is → was |
| She was a student in 2020. | is → was |
| We were tired last night. | are → were |
| They were at the park yesterday. | are → were |
| You were late this morning. | are → were |
否定句
be 動詞的否定直接加 not，不用 didn’t！
| 肯定 | 否定 |
|---|---|
| I was happy. | I was not (wasn’t) happy. |
| He was at school. | He was not (wasn’t) at school. |
| We were tired. | We were not (weren’t) tired. |
| They were late. | They were not (weren’t) late. |
一般動詞 vs. be 動詞的否定
動詞類型 否定做法 例子 一般動詞 用 didn’t + 原形 He didn’t go. be 動詞 直接加 not He wasn’t there. 不要混用！
- He didn’t was happy. ❌
- He wasn’t happy. ✅
綜合練習：25 題
Part A：把現在式改成過去式（5 題）
把句中的時間改成括號裡的時間，動詞也要改成過去式。
例題：I play soccer every day. (yesterday) → I played soccer yesterday.
1. She walks to school every day. (yesterday) → ________________________
2. He studies English every night. (last night) → ________________________
3. They go to the beach every summer. (last summer) → ________________________
4. We eat lunch at school every day. (yesterday) → ________________________
5. My mom cooks dinner every evening. (last night) → ________________________
Part B：填入正確的過去式（6 題）
根據上下文，把括號裡的動詞改成過去式。
6. I ______ (go) to the movies yesterday.
7. She ______ (eat) a sandwich for lunch.
8. He ______ (study) math last weekend.
9. They ______ (stop) at the red light.
10. We ______ (have) a great time at the party.
11. The baby ______ (cry) all night long.
Part C：用 didn’t 改成否定句（4 題）
例題：I played soccer. → I didn’t play soccer.
12. She went to the store. → ________________________
13. He ate breakfast this morning. → ________________________
14. They watched TV last night. → ________________________
15. We studied for the test. → ________________________
Part D：用 Did 改成疑問句（4 題）
例題：You played soccer. → Did you play soccer?
16. She bought a new phone. → ________________________
17. He came to school yesterday. → ________________________
18. They had dinner together. → ________________________
19. You saw the movie. → ________________________
Part E：中翻英（6 題）
把中文翻成英文，用過去簡單式。
20. 我昨天打籃球。
21. 她上週去了台北。
22. 他們昨晚沒有看電視。
23. 你昨天有做功課嗎？
24. 我兩年前住在台中。
25. 我媽昨天買了一本書。
威威解析：詳細解答
Part A 解析
1. She walks to school every day. (yesterday) → She walked to school yesterday.
- walk 是規則動詞，直接加 -ed → walked。
- 主詞 She 在過去式不用加 s 了（過去式不分人稱）。
2. He studies English every night. (last night) → He studied English last night.
- study 是子音 + y 結尾，去 y 加 -ied → studied。
3. They go to the beach every summer. (last summer) → They went to the beach last summer.
- go 是不規則動詞 → went。
4. We eat lunch at school every day. (yesterday) → We ate lunch at school yesterday.
- eat 是不規則動詞 → ate。
5. My mom cooks dinner every evening. (last night) → My mom cooked dinner last night.
- cook 是規則動詞，直接加 -ed → cooked。
Part B 解析
6. went
- go 是不規則動詞，過去式是 went。
- 完整句：I went to the movies yesterday.
7. ate
- eat 是不規則動詞，過去式是 ate。
- 完整句：She ate a sandwich for lunch.
8. studied
- study 是子音 + y 結尾，去 y 加 -ied → studied。
- 完整句：He studied math last weekend.
9. stopped
- stop 是 CVC 結尾（子音-母音-子音），雙寫 p 再加 -ed → stopped。
- 完整句：They stopped at the red light.
10. had
- have 是不規則動詞，過去式是 had。
- 完整句：We had a great time at the party.
11. cried
- cry 是子音 + y 結尾，去 y 加 -ied → cried。
- 完整句：The baby cried all night long.
Part C 解析
12. She went to the store. → She didn’t go to the store.
- didn’t 後面用原形 go，不能寫 went！
13. He ate breakfast this morning. → He didn’t eat breakfast this morning.
- didn’t 後面用原形 eat，不能寫 ate！
14. They watched TV last night. → They didn’t watch TV last night.
- didn’t 後面用原形 watch，不能寫 watched！
15. We studied for the test. → We didn’t study for the test.
- didn’t 後面用原形 study，不能寫 studied！
Part D 解析
16. She bought a new phone. → Did she buy a new phone? Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
- Did 後面用原形 buy，不能寫 bought！
17. He came to school yesterday. → Did he come to school yesterday? Yes, he did. / No, he didn’t.
- Did 後面用原形 come，不能寫 came！
18. They had dinner together. → Did they have dinner together? Yes, they did. / No, they didn’t.
- Did 後面用原形 have，不能寫 had！
19. You saw the movie. → Did you see the movie? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
- Did 後面用原形 see，不能寫 saw！
Part E 解析
20. 我昨天打籃球。 → I played basketball yesterday.
- 打籃球 = play basketball。
- 「昨天」= yesterday，要用過去式。
- play 是規則動詞 → played。
21. 她上週去了台北。 → She went to Taipei last week.
- 去 = go，過去式 went。
- 「上週」= last week。
22. 他們昨晚沒有看電視。 → They didn’t watch TV last night.
- 否定句用 didn’t + 原形 watch。
- 不要寫 watched！
- 「昨晚」= last night。
23. 你昨天有做功課嗎？ → Did you do homework yesterday?
- 疑問句用 Did + 原形 do。
- 不要寫 Did you did！
- homework 是不可數名詞，不加 s。
24. 我兩年前住在台中。 → I lived in Taichung two years ago.
- 住 = live，字尾有 e，只加 -d → lived。
- 「在台中」= in Taichung。
- 「兩年前」= two years ago。
25. 我媽昨天買了一本書。 → My mom bought a book yesterday.
- 買 = buy，過去式 bought（不規則）。
- 「一本書」= a book。
學習科學小技巧
情境記憶 (Context-Dependent Memory)
科學家發現，我們在「特定的情境」下學到的東西，在類似情境中更容易回想起來。
怎麼用這個技巧來背不規則動詞？
- 造跟自己有關的句子： 不要背 “go-went”，背 “我昨天 went 到學校。”
- 想像畫面： 閉上眼睛想像你真的在做那件事。
- 用時間線： 拿一張紙畫一條時間線，標出「現在」和「過去」，把句子寫在對的位置。
複習時間 動作 今天 寫完所有練習，對答案，把錯的標記起來 明天 背 10 個不規則動詞，各造一個句子 3 天後 重寫 Part B 和 Part E 的錯題 1 週後 從頭默寫 30 個不規則動詞的原形和過去式 學 R08 時 再回來確認不規則動詞
課程導航
上一課： R06 基礎時態-現在簡單式 下一課： R08 基礎時態-未來式