威威老師的閱讀教室：段落理解 (Paragraph Comprehension)

Section 1：段落的結構 (Paragraph Structure)

一個好的段落就像一棟房子，有屋頂、牆壁和地基。了解段落結構，就能快速抓住作者想表達的意思。

1.1 Topic Sentence（主題句）

通常出現在段落的第一句或第二句
告訴讀者這段話主要在說什麼
是整個段落的「靈魂」

例子

Trees are very important to our environment. They provide oxygen for us to breathe, offer homes for many animals, and help keep the air clean. Without trees, our planet would be a much less pleasant place to live.

第一句 “Trees are very important to our environment” 就是 topic sentence。

1.2 Supporting Sentences（支持句）

用來解釋、舉例、補充主題句
常見的支持方式：
- 舉例 (for example, such as)
- 解釋原因 (because, since)
- 提供數據 (according to, studies show)
- 描述細節

例子（接續上例）

They provide oxygen for us to breathe, offer homes for many animals, and help keep the air clean. ← 這是支持句，用具體例子說明樹的重要性。

1.3 Concluding Sentence（結論句）

通常在段落的最後一句
總結段落重點，或換句話說重申主旨
常見的結論句信號字：in conclusion, in short, therefore, as a result

例子（接續上例）

Without trees, our planet would be a much less pleasant place to live. ← 結論句，從反面強調樹的重要性。

段落結構圖解

[Topic Sentence] ─── 這段話的主旨
    |
    ├── [Supporting Sentence 1] ─── 舉例/解釋
    ├── [Supporting Sentence 2] ─── 舉例/解釋
    ├── [Supporting Sentence 3] ─── 舉例/解釋
    |
[Concluding Sentence] ─── 總結

Section 2：如何找主旨 (Finding the Main Idea)

2.1 問自己：「這段話主要在說什麼？」

讀完一個段落後，閉上眼睛問自己：「如果只能用一句話總結，我會說什麼？」那個答案就是 main idea（主旨）。

2.2 主旨 ≠ 細節 (Main Idea vs. Details)

	主旨 (Main Idea)	細節 (Detail)
層次	整體	局部
功能	點出核心觀點	支持核心觀點
出現頻率	一段一個	可以有很多
判斷方式	最重要的一句話	用來舉例或補充的資訊

常見錯誤

很多同學會把「文章提到的某個有趣細節」當成主旨。記住：主旨是整段話的「大方向」，不是其中一個小例子。

2.3 五個段落的主旨辨識練習

練習 1

Many people think that cats are not friendly animals. However, cat owners know that this is not true. Cats show their love in different ways from dogs. While a dog might jump on you and lick your face, a cat might sit quietly beside you or gently rub against your leg. These small actions are actually signs of deep affection. In fact, many cats become very attached to their owners and will follow them from room to room.

問題： 這段話的主旨是什麼？

(A) Cats are better pets than dogs.
(B) Cats show affection in their own ways.
(C) Dogs and cats behave very differently.
(D) Many people do not understand cats.

威威解析

答案：(B) (A) 錯——文章沒有比較哪個比較好。 (B) 對——整段都在說貓用自己的方式表達感情。 (C) 錯——狗和貓的比較只是支持細節。 (D) 錯——這只是第一句提到的背景，不是主旨。

練習 2

Eating breakfast every morning is one of the best habits for your health. Studies show that people who eat breakfast have more energy throughout the day. They also tend to perform better in school or at work because their brains get the fuel they need in the morning. In addition, breakfast eaters are less likely to overeat later in the day, which helps them maintain a healthy weight. Clearly, a good breakfast can make a big difference in how you feel and function.

問題： 這段話的主旨是什麼？

(A) People who eat breakfast perform better at work.
(B) Breakfast helps people control their weight.
(C) Eating breakfast has many health benefits.
(D) Studies show breakfast is the most important meal.

威威解析

答案：(C) (A) 錯——這是其中一個支持細節。 (B) 錯——這也是其中一個支持細節。 (C) 對——整段從多個角度說明吃早餐對健康的好處。 (D) 錯——文章沒有說「最重要」，而且這不是整段的核心論點。

練習 3

Learning to play a musical instrument takes time and patience, but the rewards are worth the effort. First of all, playing music helps reduce stress and anxiety. When you focus on playing a song, you forget about your worries for a while. Second, it improves your memory and concentration, since you need to remember notes and rhythms. Finally, playing an instrument gives you a sense of achievement, especially when you master a difficult piece. For all these reasons, picking up an instrument is a wonderful way to enrich your life.

問題： 這段話的主旨是什麼？

(A) Playing music is difficult but rewarding.
(B) Music helps reduce stress and anxiety.
(C) Learning an instrument improves memory.
(D) Everyone should learn to play an instrument.

威威解析

答案：(A) (A) 對——第一句就點出主旨：學樂器需要時間和耐心，但回報是值得的。 (B) 錯——這只是第一個支持論點。 (C) 錯——這只是第二個支持論點。 (D) 錯——文章沒有強迫每個人都學，只是說好處很多。

練習 4

The Amazon Rainforest is often called “the lungs of the Earth” because it produces a large amount of the oxygen that we breathe. Covering over 5.5 million square kilometers, it is home to millions of species of plants and animals, many of which cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Unfortunately, the Amazon is being destroyed at an alarming rate. Every year, huge areas of the forest are cut down to make room for farming and cattle ranching. If this continues, the consequences for the planet could be devastating.

問題： 這段話的主旨是什麼？

(A) The Amazon is the largest forest in the world.
(B) The Amazon is important but is being destroyed.
(C) Many animals live only in the Amazon.
(D) Farming is the main cause of deforestation.

威威解析

答案：(B) (A) 錯——面積大小只是細節。 (B) 對——前半段說重要性，後半段說正在被破壞，這兩者組成主旨。 (C) 錯——這只是支持細節。 (D) 錯——這只是破壞原因的細節。

練習 5

Have you ever wondered why we yawn? Scientists have been studying this question for years, and they have come up with several theories. One theory is that yawning helps cool down the brain. When we yawn, we take in a deep breath of cool air, which may help our brains work better. Another theory suggests that yawning is a way for our bodies to wake up and become more alert, which explains why we often yawn when we are tired or bored. However, the exact reason why yawning is contagious—why seeing someone else yawn makes you yawn too—remains a mystery.

問題： 這段話的主旨是什麼？

(A) Scientists have proven why yawning cools the brain.
(B) Yawning is contagious and scientists cannot explain it.
(C) Scientists have different theories about why we yawn.
(D) We yawn because we are tired or bored.

威威解析

答案：(C) (A) 錯——文章說這只是「理論」，不是已經證明。 (B) 錯——傳染性只是最後提到的部分。 (C) 對——整段介紹了科學家對打哈欠原因的多種理論。 (D) 錯——這只是其中一個理論的細節。

Section 3：五個練習段落 (Practice Passages)

Passage 1：School Life

Every weekday morning, Lisa wakes up at 6:30 a.m. to get ready for school. She eats a quick breakfast, usually toast with jam and a glass of milk, before catching the school bus at 7:15. School starts at 8:00, and Lisa spends most of her day in classes like math, English, and science. Her favorite class is art, where she can express her creativity through painting and drawing. After school, Lisa usually stays for an extracurricular activity. On Mondays and Wednesdays, she goes to the basketball club, and on Fridays, she attends the English conversation group. By the time she gets home around 5:30 p.m., she is tired but happy. After dinner, she spends about two hours doing homework before going to bed at 10:00.

Questions:

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Lisa is a very busy student.
(B) Lisa does not like her school schedule.
(C) Lisa’s daily school routine.
(D) Art is Lisa’s favorite subject.

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as something Lisa does after school?

(A) Basketball club
(B) English conversation group
(C) Piano lessons
(D) Going home around 5:30

3. We can infer that Lisa’s attitude toward school is:

(A) negative
(B) positive
(C) indifferent
(D) confused

4. How much time does Lisa spend on homework?

(A) One hour
(B) One and a half hours
(C) Two hours
(D) Three hours

Answer Key

(C) — 整段描述 Lisa 的一天上學作息。
(C) — 鋼琴課沒有被提到。
(B) — 文章說她 “tired but happy”，表示態度正面。
(C) — “about two hours doing homework”。

Passage 2：Pets

Keeping a pet is a big responsibility, but it can also bring a lot of joy to your life. Dogs, for example, are loyal companions who will always be happy to see you come home. They need daily exercise, regular meals, and plenty of love and attention. Cats, on the other hand, are more independent. They do not need to be walked like dogs, but they still require fresh food, clean water, and a safe environment. Smaller pets, such as hamsters and fish, can be great choices for people who live in small apartments. No matter what kind of pet you choose, it is important to remember that animals depend on their owners for everything. Before getting a pet, you should make sure you are ready for the commitment.

Questions:

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Dogs make the best pets.
(B) Keeping a pet is a responsibility but also brings joy.
(C) Cats are easier to care for than dogs.
(D) Small apartments are not suitable for pets.

2. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

(A) Cats need to be walked every day.
(B) Hamsters and fish are good pets for small homes.
(C) Dogs do not need much attention.
(D) All pets require the same amount of care.

3. The word “commitment” in the last sentence most likely means:

(A) a type of pet
(B) a promise or responsibility
(C) a kind of food
(D) a game to play

4. What can we infer from the passage?

(A) The writer thinks nobody should keep pets.
(B) The writer believes pets are too expensive.
(C) The writer wants readers to think carefully before getting a pet.
(D) The writer prefers cats over dogs.

Answer Key

(B) — 第一句就點出主旨。
(B) — 文章說 hamsters and fish 可以是住在小公寓的人的好選擇。
(B) — commitment 在此語境指承諾、責任。
(C) — 最後一句勸讀者在養寵物前要確認自己準備好了。

Passage 3：Holidays

Chinese New Year is the most important holiday for Chinese people around the world. It usually falls in January or February, depending on the lunar calendar. Before the holiday, families clean their houses thoroughly to sweep away bad luck and make room for good fortune. On New Year’s Eve, the whole family gathers for a big dinner called the “reunion dinner.” This meal often includes fish, which symbolizes abundance, and dumplings, which represent wealth. Children are especially excited about Chinese New Year because they receive red envelopes filled with money from their elders. The celebration usually lasts for about fifteen days, ending with the Lantern Festival. During this period, people visit relatives, watch lion dances, and set off firecrackers to welcome the new year.

Questions:

1. What is this passage mainly about?

(A) How to cook a reunion dinner
(B) Chinese New Year traditions
(C) The history of the lunar calendar
(D) Why children love holidays

2. Why do families clean their houses before Chinese New Year?

(A) Because guests are coming
(B) To sweep away bad luck
(C) Because it is a law
(D) To practice for spring cleaning

3. What do fish and dumplings symbolize?

(A) Fish = health; dumplings = happiness
(B) Fish = long life; dumplings = love
(C) Fish = abundance; dumplings = wealth
(D) Fish = strength; dumplings = wisdom

4. How long does the Chinese New Year celebration usually last?

(A) One week
(B) Ten days
(C) Fifteen days
(D) One month

Answer Key

(B) — 整段描述農曆新年的各種傳統習俗。
(B) — “to sweep away bad luck and make room for good fortune”。
(C) — fish = abundance, dumplings = wealth。
(C) — “about fifteen days, ending with the Lantern Festival”。

Passage 4：Sports

Basketball is one of the most popular sports in Taiwan. It was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a physical education teacher in the United States, who wanted to create an indoor game to keep his students active during the winter. Today, basketball is played by millions of people around the world, both professionally and for fun. In Taiwan, you can find basketball courts in almost every school and park. Many young people enjoy playing basketball after school or on weekends with their friends. Watching professional basketball games, especially the NBA, is also a popular pastime. Some of the most famous players, like Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant, have inspired countless young people to pick up a basketball and start playing.

Questions:

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Basketball was invented in the United States.
(B) Basketball is very popular in Taiwan and around the world.
(C) Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player.
(D) Young people in Taiwan love sports.

2. Why did Dr. Naismith invent basketball?

(A) To become famous
(B) To create an indoor game for winter
(C) To teach math through sports
(D) To compete with football

3. According to the passage, where can you find basketball courts in Taiwan?

(A) Only in big cities
(B) In schools and parks
(C) Only in professional arenas
(D) In shopping malls

4. What can we infer from the passage?

(A) Basketball is only popular in the United States.
(B) Basketball is a winter sport only.
(C) Basketball has influenced many young people’s lives.
(D) Nobody in Taiwan watches the NBA.

Answer Key

(B) — 整段圍繞籃球的普及性。
(B) — “to keep his students active during the winter”。
(B) — “in almost every school and park”。
(C) — 最後一句說著名球員啟發了無數年輕人。

Passage 5：Hobbies

Having a hobby is a great way to relax and enjoy your free time. Some people enjoy creative hobbies like painting, writing, or playing music. These activities allow them to express their feelings and imagination. Others prefer active hobbies such as hiking, swimming, or dancing, which help them stay healthy and energetic. There are also people who love collecting things—stamps, coins, or even action figures. Collecting can be fun because it gives you a goal to work toward and teaches you about different topics. In recent years, many teenagers have developed digital hobbies, such as photography, video editing, and coding. No matter what hobby you choose, the most important thing is that it makes you happy and helps you learn something new. The best hobby is one that you look forward to doing again and again.

Questions:

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

(A) Creative hobbies are better than active hobbies.
(B) Collecting stamps is the most popular hobby.
(C) Hobbies are a good way to relax and learn.
(D) Teenagers only like digital hobbies.

2. Which of the following is mentioned as an active hobby?

(A) Painting
(B) Stamp collecting
(C) Video editing
(D) Hiking

3. According to the passage, what is a benefit of collecting?

(A) It makes you rich.
(B) It gives you a goal and teaches you new things.
(C) It is the cheapest hobby.
(D) It helps you make friends online.

4. What does the passage suggest about the “best hobby”?

(A) It should be the most expensive one.
(B) It should be what makes you happy and you want to keep doing.
(C) It should be what your friends are doing.
(D) It should be something useful for your career.

Answer Key

(C) — 整段描述各種嗜好的好處。
(D) — Hiking 被列在 active hobbies 中。
(B) — “gives you a goal to work toward and teaches you about different topics”。
(B) — “The best hobby is one that you look forward to doing again and again”。

Section 4：推論題技巧 (Inference Skills)

4.1 推論 ≠ 猜測

很多同學看到 “infer”（推論）就以為是要用想像力亂猜。大錯特錯！

推論 (Inference) 是從文章中的線索，加上你的常識，做出合理的判斷。

關鍵原則

推論題的答案一定有文本根據，不會憑空出現。你只是需要「讀懂字裡行間的意思」。

4.2 推論三步法

Step 1：找關鍵字 (Keywords)
        → 注意作者用字的語氣和選詞

Step 2：看語氣 (Tone)
        → 是正面？負面？中立？諷刺？

Step 3：看上下文 (Context)
        → 前後文提供了什麼背景資訊？

4.3 推論題常見問法

英文問法	中文意思
What can we infer from the passage?	從文章可以推論出什麼？
What is probably true about…?	關於…什麼可能是對的？
The author most likely believes…	作者最可能認為…
It can be concluded that…	可以得出結論…
What does the passage suggest?	文章暗示了什麼？

4.4 推論題練習

練習 A

When Tom walked into the classroom, he noticed that everyone was looking at him. Some students were whispering to each other, and a few were trying not to laugh. Tom looked down and realized that he was wearing his slippers instead of his shoes.

問題： What can we infer from this passage?

(A) Tom was late for class.
(B) Tom had forgotten to do his homework.
(C) Tom’s classmates noticed his slippers and found it funny.
(D) Tom was the most popular student in class.

威威解析

答案：(C) 線索 1：大家都在看他（everyone was looking at him）線索 2：有人在竊竊私語，有人在忍住笑（whispering, trying not to laugh）線索 3：他穿著拖鞋（wearing slippers instead of shoes）推論：同學們注意到他穿拖鞋，覺得好笑。

練習 B

Mrs. Lin’s garden was full of beautiful roses, sunflowers, and tulips. Every morning, she could be seen watering the plants, pulling out weeds, and talking to her flowers as if they were old friends. Her neighbors often stopped by to admire the garden and ask for gardening advice.

問題： What can we infer about Mrs. Lin?

(A) She does not like gardening.
(B) She is an experienced and passionate gardener.
(C) She sells flowers for a living.
(D) She prefers indoor activities.

威威解析

答案：(B) 線索 1：花園裡有很多美麗的花（beautiful roses, sunflowers, and tulips）線索 2：每天早上澆花、拔草，還跟花說話（talking to her flowers as if they were old friends）線索 3：鄰居來請教園藝建議（ask for gardening advice）推論：林太太是一位有經驗且充滿熱情的園丁。

練習 C

The sign on the restaurant door read “Closed for Renovation.” Through the window, Mark could see workers carrying paint cans and building materials. The chairs were stacked on the tables, and the familiar old decorations had been taken down from the walls.

問題： What can we infer about the restaurant?

(A) The restaurant has gone out of business permanently.
(B) The restaurant is being updated and will reopen later.
(C) The restaurant is having a special event tonight.
(D) The restaurant never had many customers.

威威解析

答案：(B) 線索 1：招牌寫 “Closed for Renovation”（整修中暫停營業）線索 2：看到工人在搬油漆和建材（workers carrying paint cans and building materials）線索 3：椅子疊在桌上，裝飾被拆下（正在進行改裝）推論：餐廳正在翻新，之後會重新開張。“Renovation” 暗示暫時的，不是永久關閉。

練習 D

Jenny checked her phone nervously for the third time in ten minutes. Her foot tapped impatiently on the floor, and she kept glancing at the café door. When the waiter asked if she wanted to order, she smiled and said, “I’ll wait a little longer.”

問題： What can we infer about Jenny?

(A) She is waiting for someone who is late.
(B) She is lost and does not know what to order.
(C) She works at the café.
(D) She does not like the food at the café.

威威解析

答案：(A) 線索 1：緊張地看了三次手機（checked her phone nervously）線索 2：腳不耐煩地敲地板（foot tapped impatiently）線索 3：一直看向咖啡廳門口（glancing at the café door）線索 4：跟服務生說再等一下（I’ll wait a little longer）推論：她在等一個遲到的人。

練習 E

After the new law was passed, the number of people riding bicycles in the city increased by 40%. Bike shops reported record sales, and the city had to build more bicycle lanes to keep up with demand. At the same time, air quality in the city center showed noticeable improvement.

問題： What can we infer from this passage?

(A) The new law probably encouraged people to ride bicycles.
(B) Bicycles are cheaper than cars.
(C) Everyone in the city owns a bicycle.
(D) Air quality has nothing to do with transportation.

威威解析

答案：(A) 線索 1：新法律通過後，騎腳踏車的人增加了 40% 線索 2：腳踏車店銷量創紀錄，城市增建自行車道線索 3：空氣品質同時改善了推論：新法律可能鼓勵了人們騎腳踏車，且連帶改善了空氣品質。注意因果關係的暗示——法律通過在先，變化在後。

Section 5：段落理解總複習 Checklist

在進入下一篇 R03 國中閱讀-短篇故事之前，請確認你已經掌握：

我能分辨段落的 topic sentence、supporting sentences、concluding sentence
我能正確找出段落的 main idea，不會和細節混淆
我能回答細節題（在文中找到明確答案）
我能回答推論題（從線索做出合理判斷）
我能判斷作者的語氣和態度

恭喜！

段落理解是閱讀測驗的核心能力。掌握找主旨和推論的技巧後，你就能順利進入短篇故事的閱讀了！

上一篇： R01 基礎閱讀-句子解碼 下一課： R03 國中閱讀-短篇故事

解鎖內容

R02 基礎閱讀-段落理解

威威老師的閱讀教室：段落理解 (Paragraph Comprehension)

Section 1：段落的結構 (Paragraph Structure)

1.1 Topic Sentence（主題句）

1.2 Supporting Sentences（支持句）

1.3 Concluding Sentence（結論句）

段落結構圖解

Section 2：如何找主旨 (Finding the Main Idea)

2.1 問自己：「這段話主要在說什麼？」

2.2 主旨 ≠ 細節 (Main Idea vs. Details)

2.3 五個段落的主旨辨識練習

練習 1

練習 2

練習 3

練習 4

練習 5

Section 3：五個練習段落 (Practice Passages)

Passage 1：School Life

Passage 2：Pets

Passage 3：Holidays

Passage 4：Sports

Passage 5：Hobbies

Section 4：推論題技巧 (Inference Skills)

4.1 推論 ≠ 猜測

4.2 推論三步法

4.3 推論題常見問法

4.4 推論題練習

練習 A

練習 B

練習 C

練習 D

練習 E

Section 5：段落理解總複習 Checklist

關係圖譜

目錄

反向連結

R02 基礎閱讀-段落理解

威威老師的閱讀教室：段落理解 (Paragraph Comprehension)

Section 1：段落的結構 (Paragraph Structure)

1.1 Topic Sentence（主題句）

1.2 Supporting Sentences（支持句）

1.3 Concluding Sentence（結論句）

段落結構圖解

Section 2：如何找主旨 (Finding the Main Idea)

2.1 問自己：「這段話主要在說什麼？」

2.2 主旨 ≠ 細節 (Main Idea vs. Details)

2.3 五個段落的主旨辨識練習

練習 1

練習 2

練習 3

練習 4

練習 5

Section 3：五個練習段落 (Practice Passages)

Passage 1：School Life

Passage 2：Pets

Passage 3：Holidays

Passage 4：Sports

Passage 5：Hobbies

Section 4：推論題技巧 (Inference Skills)

4.1 推論 ≠ 猜測

4.2 推論三步法

4.3 推論題常見問法

4.4 推論題練習

練習 A

練習 B

練習 C

練習 D

練習 E

Section 5：段落理解總複習 Checklist

威威學習信

關係圖譜

目錄

反向連結