GEPT-高級-練習題

閱讀時間約 23 分鐘

GEPT 高級練習題 — 威威老師編著

威威老師小提醒

這份練習題是給準備 GEPT 高級的同學「暖身」用的。不是完整模擬考（完整模考請看 Mock 1-5），而是針對字彙、文法、閱讀理解三大核心能力的專項訓練。建議在開始做 Mock 1 之前，先把這份練習題做完，確認自己的基礎夠扎實。

Part 1: 字彙練習（Vocabulary）

Section A: 近義詞辨析（20 題）

選出最適合的字填入空格。

  1. The philosopher’s argument was so _______ that even experts struggled to follow his reasoning. (A) convoluted (B) complicated (C) complex (D) intricate

  2. The government’s decision to _______ the controversial policy sparked widespread protests. (A) implement (B) execute (C) enforce (D) apply

  3. The scientist’s findings _______ the prevailing theory, forcing researchers to reconsider their assumptions. (A) contradicted (B) opposed (C) challenged (D) refuted

  4. The company’s financial difficulties were _______ by poor management decisions and market volatility. (A) worsened (B) exacerbated (C) aggravated (D) intensified

  5. The author’s use of metaphor _______ the abstract concepts, making them more accessible to readers. (A) clarified (B) illuminated (C) elucidated (D) explained

  6. The politician’s speech was criticized for its _______ rhetoric, which appealed to emotion rather than reason. (A) inflammatory (B) provocative (C) incendiary (D) contentious

  7. The researcher’s methodology was _______ for its lack of rigor and failure to control for confounding variables. (A) criticized (B) censured (C) condemned (D) reproached

  8. The economic downturn had a _______ effect on small businesses, many of which were forced to close. (A) devastating (B) catastrophic (C) ruinous (D) disastrous

  9. The artist’s work _______ traditional boundaries between painting and sculpture. (A) transcended (B) exceeded (C) surpassed (D) overcame

  10. The committee’s decision was _______ by concerns about cost and feasibility. (A) influenced (B) shaped (C) determined (D) dictated

  11. The historian’s account _______ the official narrative, revealing previously unknown details. (A) supplemented (B) complemented (C) augmented (D) enhanced

  12. The new policy aims to _______ inequality by redistributing resources more equitably. (A) reduce (B) mitigate (C) alleviate (D) ameliorate

  13. The philosopher’s ideas were _______ by his contemporaries but later gained widespread acceptance. (A) rejected (B) dismissed (C) spurned (D) repudiated

  14. The scientist’s theory was _______ by subsequent experiments that confirmed its predictions. (A) validated (B) verified (C) corroborated (D) substantiated

  15. The author’s prose is characterized by its _______ style, which eschews unnecessary ornamentation. (A) concise (B) succinct (C) terse (D) laconic

  16. The government’s response to the crisis was _______ as inadequate by international observers. (A) judged (B) deemed (C) considered (D) regarded

  17. The researcher’s findings _______ the need for further investigation into this phenomenon. (A) highlight (B) underscore (C) emphasize (D) accentuate

  18. The company’s decision to _______ its workforce was met with fierce opposition from labor unions. (A) reduce (B) downsize (C) cut (D) trim

  19. The philosopher’s argument _______ on the assumption that human nature is fundamentally rational. (A) rests (B) depends (C) relies (D) hinges

  20. The artist’s work _______ themes of identity, memory, and displacement. (A) explores (B) examines (C) investigates (D) probes

Section B: 學術字彙填空（15 題）

選出最適合的字填入空格。

  1. The _______ of the study was to examine the relationship between social media use and mental health. (A) objective (B) purpose (C) aim (D) goal

  2. The researcher employed a _______ approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative methods. (A) mixed (B) hybrid (C) integrated (D) multifaceted

  3. The findings suggest a strong _______ between income inequality and social unrest. (A) correlation (B) connection (C) relationship (D) association

  4. The author’s argument is _______ on several questionable assumptions about human behavior. (A) based (B) founded (C) grounded (D) predicated

  5. The study’s _______ include a small sample size and potential selection bias. (A) limitations (B) constraints (C) restrictions (D) drawbacks

  6. The researcher’s _______ was that increased education would lead to higher income. (A) hypothesis (B) theory (C) assumption (D) premise

  7. The data was analyzed using _______ statistical techniques to identify patterns and trends. (A) sophisticated (B) advanced (C) complex (D) elaborate

  8. The study’s findings have important _______ for public policy and future research. (A) implications (B) consequences (C) ramifications (D) repercussions

  9. The researcher _______ that the results may not be generalizable to other populations. (A) acknowledges (B) admits (C) concedes (D) recognizes

  10. The author _______ a comprehensive framework for understanding the phenomenon. (A) proposes (B) suggests (C) presents (D) offers

  11. The study’s methodology was _______ to ensure reliability and validity. (A) rigorous (B) strict (C) stringent (D) exacting

  12. The findings _______ previous research on this topic. (A) confirm (B) support (C) corroborate (D) validate

  13. The researcher _______ several potential explanations for the observed patterns. (A) proposes (B) posits (C) advances (D) puts forward

  14. The study’s results _______ the need for policy interventions to address this issue. (A) demonstrate (B) show (C) indicate (D) reveal

  15. The author _______ that further research is needed to fully understand this phenomenon. (A) concludes (B) argues (C) contends (D) maintains

Part 2: 文法與句型（Grammar & Sentence Structure）

Section A: 錯誤辨識（15 題）

找出句子中的錯誤部分（A, B, C, D），或選 (E) 表示沒有錯誤。

  1. Despite (A) the overwhelming evidence (B) to the contrary, he continues (C) to maintain that his theory (D) are correct. (E) No error

  2. The committee, (A) which consists of (B) leading experts in the field, (C) have recommended (D) significant changes to the policy. (E) No error

  3. Neither (A) the professor nor (B) his students (C) was able to solve (D) the complex equation. (E) No error

  4. The research (A) indicates that (B) there is a strong correlation (C) among income inequality (D) and social mobility. (E) No error

  5. Had (A) the government acted (B) more decisively, (C) the crisis could have been (D) averted. (E) No error

  6. The author’s (A) argument is predicated (B) on the assumption (C) that human beings (D) is fundamentally rational. (E) No error

  7. The study’s findings (A) suggest that (B) not only does social media (C) affect mental health, but it also (D) influences social relationships. (E) No error

  8. The philosopher (A) contends that (B) the concept of free will (C) are incompatible with (D) determinism. (E) No error

  9. The data (A) reveals that (B) income inequality has increased (C) significantly over (D) the past three decades. (E) No error

  10. The committee (A) recommended that (B) the policy (C) be revised (D) to address these concerns. (E) No error

  11. The researcher (A) employed a methodology (B) that was both (C) rigorous and (D) systematically. (E) No error

  12. The author (A) argues that (B) the traditional distinction (C) between nature and nurture (D) is no longer tenable. (E) No error

  13. The study’s (A) limitations include (B) a small sample size and (C) the fact that (D) participants were not randomly selected. (E) No error

  14. The philosopher’s (A) ideas were (B) so radical that (C) they were rejected (D) by nearly all of his contemporaries. (E) No error

  15. The government’s (A) failure to address (B) climate change will have (C) catastrophic consequences (D) for future generations. (E) No error

Section B: 句子改寫（10 題）

選出與原句意思最接近的改寫句。

  1. The researcher’s findings contradict the prevailing theory. (A) The prevailing theory is contradicted by the researcher’s findings. (B) The researcher’s findings are in contradiction with the prevailing theory. (C) The prevailing theory contradicts the researcher’s findings. (D) The researcher contradicts the prevailing theory with his findings.

  2. Despite the overwhelming evidence, he refuses to change his position. (A) He refuses to change his position despite the overwhelming evidence. (B) Although the evidence is overwhelming, he refuses to change his position. (C) He refuses to change his position in spite of the overwhelming evidence. (D) All of the above are correct.

  3. The committee recommended that the policy be revised. (A) The committee’s recommendation was that the policy should be revised. (B) It was recommended by the committee that the policy be revised. (C) The committee made a recommendation for the policy to be revised. (D) All of the above are correct.

  4. Had the government acted more decisively, the crisis could have been averted. (A) If the government had acted more decisively, the crisis could have been averted. (B) The crisis could have been averted if the government had acted more decisively. (C) The government’s failure to act decisively meant that the crisis could not be averted. (D) Both (A) and (B) are correct.

  5. Not only does social media affect mental health, but it also influences social relationships. (A) Social media affects mental health and influences social relationships. (B) Social media both affects mental health and influences social relationships. (C) Social media affects mental health; moreover, it influences social relationships. (D) All of the above are correct.

  6. The author’s argument is predicated on the assumption that human beings are fundamentally rational. (A) The author assumes that human beings are fundamentally rational, and his argument is based on this. (B) The author’s argument rests on the assumption that human beings are fundamentally rational. (C) The author argues on the basis that human beings are fundamentally rational. (D) All of the above are correct.

  7. The study’s findings suggest that income inequality has increased significantly. (A) According to the study’s findings, income inequality has increased significantly. (B) The study’s findings indicate a significant increase in income inequality. (C) It is suggested by the study’s findings that income inequality has increased significantly. (D) All of the above are correct.

  8. The philosopher contends that free will is incompatible with determinism. (A) According to the philosopher, free will and determinism are incompatible. (B) The philosopher argues that free will cannot coexist with determinism. (C) The philosopher’s contention is that free will is incompatible with determinism. (D) All of the above are correct.

  9. The government’s failure to address climate change will have catastrophic consequences. (A) Catastrophic consequences will result from the government’s failure to address climate change. (B) The government’s failure to address climate change will result in catastrophic consequences. (C) If the government fails to address climate change, the consequences will be catastrophic. (D) All of the above are correct.

  10. The researcher employed a methodology that was both rigorous and systematic. (A) The researcher’s methodology was both rigorous and systematic. (B) The methodology employed by the researcher was both rigorous and systematic. (C) Both rigor and systematicity characterized the researcher’s methodology. (D) All of the above are correct.

Part 3: 閱讀理解（Reading Comprehension）

Passage 1: Philosophy of Mind

The mind-body problem has been a central concern in philosophy for centuries. Dualists, following Descartes, argue that mind and body are fundamentally different kinds of substances—the mind being immaterial and the body material. This view faces the notorious interaction problem: if mind and body are so radically different, how can they causally interact? How can an immaterial thought cause a material arm to move?

Materialists reject dualism, arguing that mental states are identical to brain states. This identity theory faces its own challenges, however. The multiple realizability argument, advanced by Hilary Putnam, points out that the same mental state (such as pain) can be realized in different physical systems—human brains, octopus brains, or even silicon-based computers. If pain is identical to a specific brain state, how can these different physical systems all experience pain?

Functionalism emerged as a response to these difficulties. According to functionalism, mental states are defined not by their physical composition but by their functional role—the causal relations they bear to sensory inputs, behavioral outputs, and other mental states. Pain, for instance, is whatever state is typically caused by tissue damage and typically causes avoidance behavior and the belief that something is wrong. This view accommodates multiple realizability: different physical systems can realize the same functional state.

Critics of functionalism raise the problem of qualia—the subjective, qualitative aspects of conscious experience. Frank Jackson’s knowledge argument illustrates this concern. Imagine Mary, a brilliant scientist who knows everything physical there is to know about color vision but has lived her entire life in a black-and-white room. When Mary finally sees a red tomato, does she learn something new? If so, this suggests that there are facts about conscious experience (what it’s like to see red) that cannot be captured by physical or functional descriptions.

  1. According to the passage, the interaction problem is a challenge for: (A) Dualism (B) Materialism (C) Functionalism (D) Identity theory

  2. The multiple realizability argument suggests that: (A) Mental states cannot be identical to specific brain states (B) Different physical systems cannot experience the same mental states (C) Pain is a uniquely human experience (D) Mental states are immaterial

  3. According to functionalism, mental states are defined by: (A) Their physical composition (B) Their subjective qualities (C) Their causal relations to inputs, outputs, and other mental states (D) Their immaterial nature

  4. The knowledge argument is intended to show that: (A) Physical knowledge is sufficient to understand consciousness (B) There are aspects of conscious experience that cannot be captured by physical descriptions (C) Mary does not learn anything new when she sees red (D) Functionalism is correct

  5. Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage? (A) A problem is presented, and three solutions are evaluated (B) A theory is presented and defended against objections (C) Two opposing views are compared and contrasted (D) A historical development is traced chronologically

Passage 2: Climate Ethics

The ethics of climate change raises profound questions about intergenerational justice. Unlike most ethical problems, which concern our obligations to contemporaries, climate change forces us to consider our duties to people who do not yet exist. The emissions we produce today will affect the climate for centuries, imposing costs on future generations who had no say in our decisions.

Some philosophers argue that we have strong obligations to future people. Derek Parfit’s non-identity problem, however, complicates this intuition. Our current choices affect not only the welfare of future people but also which people will exist. If we adopt stringent climate policies, different people will be born than if we continue with business as usual. Since the future people who will exist under a high-emissions scenario would not exist under a low-emissions scenario, can we say that our emissions harm them? They owe their very existence to our choices.

One response is to shift from person-affecting principles (which focus on making particular individuals better or worse off) to impersonal principles (which focus on overall outcomes). We might say that a world with severe climate change is worse than a world with moderate climate change, even if different people exist in each world. This approach, however, faces its own difficulties. If we focus solely on overall welfare, we might conclude that a world with many people living barely tolerable lives is better than a world with fewer people living excellent lives, simply because the total welfare is higher.

Another approach emphasizes our obligations to preserve certain goods for future generations. We might argue that we have a duty to pass on a stable climate, not because of obligations to particular future individuals, but because a stable climate is part of our common heritage that each generation holds in trust for the next. This trusteeship model avoids the non-identity problem but raises questions about which goods we are obligated to preserve and why.

  1. According to the passage, the non-identity problem suggests that: (A) We have no obligations to future generations (B) Our emissions do not affect future people (C) It is difficult to say that our emissions harm particular future individuals (D) Future people will not exist

  2. Person-affecting principles focus on: (A) Overall outcomes regardless of who exists (B) Making particular individuals better or worse off (C) Preserving goods for future generations (D) Total welfare across all possible worlds

  3. The passage suggests that impersonal principles face the difficulty that: (A) They ignore the welfare of future people (B) They might favor a world with many people living barely tolerable lives (C) They cannot address the non-identity problem (D) They are too demanding

  4. The trusteeship model argues that: (A) We have obligations to particular future individuals (B) We should maximize total welfare (C) We have a duty to preserve certain goods as part of our common heritage (D) Climate change does not raise ethical issues

  5. Which of the following best describes the author’s approach in this passage? (A) Advocating for a particular solution to the problem (B) Presenting different approaches and their difficulties (C) Arguing that the problem is unsolvable (D) Defending the non-identity problem against objections

解答與詳解

Part 1: 字彙練習

Section A: 近義詞辨析

  1. (A) convoluted — 形容論證「複雜到難以理解」，convoluted 強調「曲折、繞來繞去」，最符合「連專家都難以跟上」的語境。
  2. (C) enforce — enforce 強調「強制執行」，最符合「引發抗議」的語境。
  3. (D) refuted — refute 是「駁斥、證明錯誤」，最強烈，符合「迫使研究者重新考慮」。
  4. (B) exacerbated — exacerbate 是學術用語，表示「使惡化」，最正式。
  5. (B) illuminated — illuminate 有「闡明、使清楚」的意思，帶有「照亮」的隱喻，最適合形容「使抽象概念更易理解」。
  6. (A) inflammatory — inflammatory 指「煽動性的」，最符合「訴諸情感而非理性」。
  7. (B) censured — censure 是正式的「譴責」，最符合學術語境。
  8. (A) devastating — devastating 強調「毀滅性的」，最符合「許多企業被迫關閉」。
  9. (A) transcended — transcend 是「超越」，最符合「超越傳統界限」。
  10. (C) determined — determine 強調「決定」，最符合「由…決定」的語境。
  11. (A) supplemented — supplement 是「補充」，最符合「揭示先前未知的細節」。
  12. (D) ameliorate — ameliorate 是正式用語，表示「改善」，最符合政策語境。
  13. (B) dismissed — dismiss 強調「不予理會、輕視」，最符合「後來被接受」的對比。
  14. (C) corroborated — corroborate 是「證實」，最符合科學語境。
  15. (D) laconic — laconic 強調「簡潔到近乎簡短」，最符合「避免不必要裝飾」。
  16. (B) deemed — deem 是正式用語，表示「認為」，常用被動。
  17. (B) underscore — underscore 強調「強調」，最正式。
  18. (B) downsize — downsize 是商業用語，表示「裁員」。
  19. (D) hinges — hinge on 強調「取決於」，最符合「論證基於假設」。
  20. (A) explores — explore 是最中性的「探索」，最適合形容藝術作品。

Section B: 學術字彙填空

  1. (A) objective — objective 是學術寫作中最常用的「目的」。
  2. (B) hybrid — hybrid approach 是學術用語，表示「混合方法」。
  3. (A) correlation — correlation 是統計學術語，表示「相關性」。
  4. (D) predicated — predicate on 是正式用語，表示「基於」。
  5. (A) limitations — limitations 是學術寫作中最常用的「限制」。
  6. (A) hypothesis — hypothesis 是科學研究的「假設」。
  7. (A) sophisticated — sophisticated 強調「精密的」，最符合統計技術。
  8. (A) implications — implications 是學術用語，表示「影響、意義」。
  9. (A) acknowledges — acknowledge 是學術寫作中最常用的「承認」。
  10. (C) presents — present 是學術寫作中最中性的「提出」。
  11. (A) rigorous — rigorous 是學術用語，表示「嚴謹的」。
  12. (C) corroborate — corroborate 是學術用語，表示「證實」。
  13. (B) posits — posit 是學術用語，表示「提出（理論）」。
  14. (C) indicate — indicate 是學術寫作中最常用的「顯示」。
  15. (A) concludes — conclude 是學術寫作中最常用的「總結」。

Part 2: 文法與句型

Section A: 錯誤辨識

  1. (D) are → is — 主詞是 “his theory”（單數），動詞應該用 is。
  2. (C) have → has — 主詞是 “The committee”（單數），動詞應該用 has。
  3. (C) was → were — “Neither A nor B” 的動詞應該與 B 一致，這裡 B 是 “his students”（複數），所以用 were。
  4. (C) among → between — correlation 用 between，不用 among。
  5. (E) No error — 這是正確的假設語氣倒裝句。
  6. (D) is → are — 主詞是 “human beings”（複數），動詞應該用 are。
  7. (E) No error — 這是正確的 “not only… but also…” 倒裝句。
  8. (C) are → is — 主詞是 “the concept of free will”（單數），動詞應該用 is。
  9. (A) reveals → reveal — 主詞是 “The data”（複數），動詞應該用 reveal。
  10. (E) No error — 這是正確的虛擬語氣（recommend that… be）。
  11. (D) systematically → systematic — 應該用形容詞 systematic 與 rigorous 平行。
  12. (E) No error — 句子正確。
  13. (E) No error — 句子正確。
  14. (E) No error — 句子正確。
  15. (E) No error — 句子正確。

Section B: 句子改寫

  1. (A) — 被動語態改寫，意思最接近。
  2. (D) — 三個選項都正確，意思相同。
  3. (D) — 三個選項都正確，意思相同。
  4. (D) — (A) 和 (B) 都正確，(C) 意思略有不同。
  5. (D) — 三個選項都正確，意思相同。
  6. (D) — 三個選項都正確，意思相同。
  7. (D) — 三個選項都正確，意思相同。
  8. (D) — 三個選項都正確，意思相同。
  9. (D) — 三個選項都正確，意思相同。
  10. (D) — 三個選項都正確，意思相同。

Part 3: 閱讀理解

Passage 1: Philosophy of Mind

  1. (A) Dualism — 第一段明確指出 interaction problem 是 dualism 面臨的問題。
  2. (A) Mental states cannot be identical to specific brain states — 第二段說明 multiple realizability 論證指出同一心理狀態可以在不同物理系統中實現，因此心理狀態不能等同於特定腦狀態。
  3. (C) Their causal relations to inputs, outputs, and other mental states — 第三段明確定義 functionalism。
  4. (B) There are aspects of conscious experience that cannot be captured by physical descriptions — 第四段說明 knowledge argument 的目的。
  5. (A) A problem is presented, and three solutions are evaluated — 文章先提出 mind-body problem，然後評估 dualism, materialism, functionalism 三種解決方案。

Passage 2: Climate Ethics

  1. (C) It is difficult to say that our emissions harm particular future individuals — 第二段說明 non-identity problem 的核心。
  2. (B) Making particular individuals better or worse off — 第三段明確定義 person-affecting principles。
  3. (B) They might favor a world with many people living barely tolerable lives — 第三段指出 impersonal principles 的困難。
  4. (C) We have a duty to preserve certain goods as part of our common heritage — 第四段說明 trusteeship model。
  5. (B) Presenting different approaches and their difficulties — 文章呈現不同倫理進路及其困難，沒有明確主張哪一個是對的。

計分標準

項目題數每題分數總分
Part 1: 字彙練習352 分70 分
Part 2: 文法與句型252 分50 分
Part 3: 閱讀理解103 分30 分
總計70-150 分

分數解讀：

  • 120-150 分：高級程度，可以開始做 Mock 1-5
  • 90-119 分：中高級到高級之間，建議先複習 高級單字手冊 和 Grammar 20-25
  • 60-89 分：中高級程度，建議先鞏固中高級基礎再挑戰高級
  • 60 分以下：建議先準備中高級

威威老師的練習建議

這份練習題的難度介於「中高級偏難」和「高級入門」之間。如果你做完發現錯很多，不要灰心！高級本來就是 C1 程度，需要時間累積。

建議練習順序：

  1. 先做這份練習題，了解自己的弱點
  2. 針對弱點（字彙/文法/閱讀）進行專項訓練
  3. 複習 高級單字手冊 和 Grammar 20-25
  4. 開始做 Mock 1（入門難度）
  5. 根據 Mock 1 的結果調整學習策略
  6. 依序完成 Mock 2-5（難度遞增）

記住：高級不是一蹴可幾的，需要持續閱讀、大量接觸學術英文。除了做題，建議每週至少讀 2-3 篇英文學術文章（可以從 The Atlantic, The Economist, Scientific American 開始），培養對學術語體的敏感度。

加油！威威老師相信你做得到！

關係圖譜

反向連結